Paediatrics Flashcards
What may cause bilious vomiting on the first day of life?
Duodenal atresia
Common in Down’s patients
X-ray findings of Duodenal atresia?
Neonatal bilious vomiting with double bubble sign on AXR
2 week-old with abdominal pain exacerbated by palpation, distended abdomen and bilious vomiting that is not projectile, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Intestinal malrotation
Painful defaecation and bright red rectal bleeding in 4-year old, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Anal fissure
Treatment of anal fissure?
Stool softeners and lifestyle advice
Cherry red lesion at the anal verge is indicative of?
Juvenile polyp
Management of inguinal hernia in infant?
Herniotomy (surgery)
Whereas umbilical hernias spontaneously resolve
What scoring system is used to assess the health of a newborn immediately after birth?
AGPAR
What metabolic abnormality is associated with pyloric stenosis?
HYPOchloremic, HYPOkalemic, metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting of HCl = loss of H+ (alkalosis) and Cl
Appropriate management for croup?
Single dose of oral dexamethasone
What is a feature of a benign ejection murmur?
Varies with posture
At what age would the average child acquire the ability to sit without support?
6-8 months
Most important investigation in Kawasaki disease?
Echocardiogram
Coronary artery aneurysms are a complication and should be screened
What is the most important treatment for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Administer dexamethasone to the mother
What organism is responsible for scarlet fever?
Group A haemolytic streptococci
What is the most causative agent of bacterial pneumonia in children?
Strep. pneumoniae
Most appropriate management in bronchiolitis?
No signs of increased breathing, symmetrical chest expansion. Temperature 37.5 and oxygen sats 98%
Continue observation and discharge with safety-netting advice
Life-threatening feature of asthma in children?
Oxygen saturations <92%
When would you admit a child for bronchiolitis?
- Apnoea
- Persistent oxygen saturation of <92% in air
- Inadequate oral fluid intake
- Persistent respiratory distress: grunting, marked chest recession, respiratory rate of >70
Causative organism of croup?
Parainfluenza virus
What medication would you give to prevent RSV infection and in which children?
Monoclonal antibodies
- Premature infants
- Infants with lung or heart abnormalities
- Immunocompromised infants
Causative organism for acute epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Most appropriate places to check for a pulse in paediatric BLS?
- Femoral
- Brachial
Identifiable sing of intususseption on X-ray?
Target sign
