Respiratory Flashcards
Tracheal/bronchial breath sounds
Where is it heard? What pitch? I or E greater?
heard over trachea; high pitch; loud with long expiration E>I
Vesicular breath sounds. Where are they heard. What pitch? I or E?
heard over most lung fields; low pitch; soft and short expirations I>E
Bronchovesicular. Where are they heard? What pitch? I or E?
heard over main bronchus (1 and 2nd intercostal spaces) area and b/w scapula; medium pitch E=I
Crackles or RHALES - what do they sound like and with what conditions? Hear them on I or E? What causes the sounds
- Fine, coarse, inspiratory, expiratory
- Airway secretions - occurs d/t fluid in the lungs
- Bronchitis, infection, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, CHF, pneumonia
- Sounds like clicking and rattling/velcro
Wheezing - what does it sound like? what causes it? In what conditions? Most common?
Sounds like high-pitched whistling
- airflow obstruction causes it
- Asthma, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, CHF
- Most common causes are COPD and asthma
Rhonchi - what could cause this to change? Sounds like? Caused by? What conditions?
coughing
- sounds like snoring, gurgling, or rumbling. Snoring quality. Low-pitch
- kind of sounds like a low-pitch wheezing
- often caused by copious secretions in the airway – thick secretions cause turbulent air flow through large airways or bronchi
- COPD, CF, bronchiectasis, pneumonia
Pleural friction rub. Found in what conditions?
- Pleural inflammation
- Pleural rubs are discontinuous or continuous, creaking or grating sounds. The sound has been described as similar to walking on fresh snow or a leather-on-leather type of sound. Coughing will not alter the sound. They are produced because two inflamed surfaces are sliding by one another, such as in pleurisy.
- Pneumonia, pulmonary infarction
Decreased tactile fremitus with?
COPD, thick chest wall, obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion, fibrosis, air (pneumothorax), or an infiltrating tumor
Flatness percussion note: pitch? soft or loud? which area of the body
Thigh
High pitch
Soft
Dullness percussion: pitch? soft or loud? which area of the body
Organs/liver
Medium
Medium pitch
Resonance: pitch? soft or loud? which area of the body?
Healthy lung tissue
LOW pitch
Loud
Hyperresonance: pitch? soft or loud? Which area of body?
- Usually none for area of body, but she said puffed cheek
- Lower pitch than resonant
- Loud
Tympany: pitch? soft or loud? which area of body?
gastric
high pitch
loud
Stridor - frequency? pitch? causes?
continuous, high-frequency, high pitch musical sound produced during airflow through a narrowing in the UPPER respiratory tract
- stridor is best heard over the neck during inspiration but can be biphasic
- tracheal stenosis from intubation, airway edema after device removal, epiglottitis, foreign body, and anaphylaxis
- immediate intervention necessary
Reasons why lungs might be hyperresonant on percussion
pneumothroax, emphysema
Reasons why lungs might be dull on percussion
pulmonary edema, hemothorax, probably pneumonia
Middle lobe of right lung best auscultated?
in right axillary region
