Respiratory Flashcards
It provides for exchange of O2 and CO2 to and from
the blood
Respiratory System
What is the function of the respiratory system
to supply the body’s need for oxygen and to give off carbon dioxide.
What are the 2 respiratory airways
Upper and lower respiratory airway
Consists of upper respiratory airway and lower
respiratory airway.
Includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary bronchi,
bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
Conducting portion (transportation of gases)
Includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts,
alveolar sacs, and alveoli
Respiratory portion (exchange of gases)
What is the composition of upper respiratory airway
nasal cavity
nasopharynx
oropharynx
larynx
the first portion of the upper respiratory airway.
Nasal cavity
What are the regions of the nasal cavity
Nasal vestibule
Nasal mucosa region
Olfactory mucos region
The most anterior part of the nasal cavity
Nasal vestibule
What is the covering of the nasal vestibule
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and vibrissae (stiff hairs)
It contains ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells,
basal cells, and, occasionally, neuroendocrine cells.
Nasal mucosa region
What kind of tissue is the nasal mucosa region
Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)
Located in the roof of the nasal cavity; Functions as a site for odorant chemoreception
Olfactory mucosa region
What kind of tissue is a Olfactory mucosa region
Pseudotratified columnar epithelium
It conduct air from the nasal cavity and
oral cavity to the larynx respectively.
Nasopharynx and Oropharynx
It is lined by respiratory
epithelium.
Nasopharynx
It is lined by respiratory
epithelium.
Oropharynx
An unencapsulated
patch of lymphoid tissue, is located in the
posterior aspect of the nasopharynx.
Pharyngeal tonsil
Located at the junction of
the oral cavity and the oral pharynx.
Palatine tonsils
Conducts air from the
pharynx to the trachea.
Larynx
A thin leaf like plate structure; its central cord
contains a large piece of _______
Epiglottis; elastic cartilage
What type of tissue is the upper anterior surface of the epiglottis
Non-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
It contain striated skeletal muscle and ligaments
mainly elastic fibers
Vocal cords
What type of tissue is the vocal cords lined by
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
What type of tissue protects the vocal cords from mechanical stress
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the function of vocal cords
control airflow and facilitate speaking
It includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and
terminal bronchioles.
Lower Respiratory airway
It facilitate oxygen
delivery, gas exchange, and immune defense
mechanisms.
Lower respiratory airway
A tube formed
of cartilage and
fibromuscular
membrane
Trachea
What type of tissue is in the lining of the trachea
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
The primary bronchi, which begin at the bifurcation of the trachea and lead to
the right and left lungs.
Extrapulmonary Bronchi
Why is it called extrapulmonary bronchi
Because they are
positioned outside the lungs.
have C-shaped hyalineHcartilage
Extrapulmonary Bronchi
It is narrower and less vertical and gives rise to the two secondary bronchi
Left primary bronchus
It is wider and shorter and more vertical, it gives rise to three secondary bronchi;
Right primary bronchus
They are secondary and tertiary bronchi
Intrapulmonary bronchi
Smaller airways deriving from tertiary bronchi,
which continue to branch into terminal
bronchioles; no cartilage in their walls
Bronchioles
What type of tissue are large bronchioles
Ciliated columnar epithelium
What type of tissue are small bronchioles
Ciliated cuboidal epithelium; also has Clara cells
The smallest and last of the conducting portion of
the respiratory system and they have no gas
exchange function.
Terminal Bronchioles
It does not have
cartilage and has gradually increasing numbers of
alveoli.
Respiratory Portion
It includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar
ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
Respiratory portion
are interrupted
by pouchlike, thin-walled structures
Respiratory Bronchioles
What is the type of epithelium of respiratory bronchioles
Cuboidal epithelium
Pouchlike, thin-walled structures
Alveoli
It arise from respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Composed of two or more alveoli that share a common opening.
Alveolar sac
Thin-walled pouches, which provide the respiratory
surface area for gas exchange.
Alveoli
What type of pneumocyte are in the alveoli
Type I and type II
Important structure for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Blood-Air barrier
Neighboring alveoli are separated by this and contain elastic connective tissue and
may have capillaries within them
Alveolar septa
Also known as Type I alveolar cells
Type I pneumocyte
What % of type I pneumocyte cover the alveolar surface
95 to 97%
What type of tissue are the type 1 penumocyte
Squamous cells
These cells cannot divide, but can be regenerated
Type I pneumocyte
It can undergo mitosis to regenerate and also can
form type I pneumocytes
Type II penumocytes
What % of the alveolar surface is Type II penumocytes
3 to 5%
It is also known as dust cells
Alveolar macrophage
Where does the dust cells originate from
Bone marrow and blood
