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Histo LAB > Blood and Circulatory System > Flashcards

Blood and Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

It is a specialized connective tissue in which cells are

suspended in plasma

A

Blood

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2
Q

it is a fluid extracellular material

A

Plasma

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3
Q

What is the composition of formed elements?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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4
Q

What is the composition of plasma

A 
albumin
a- and b- globulin
γ- globulins
complement proteins
fibrinogen
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5
Q

Most abundant; maintain osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

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6
Q

For coagulation

A

a- and b- globulin

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7
Q

Immunoglobulins secreted by lymphocytes

A

γ- globulins (gamma)

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8
Q

Inflammation and destruction of microorganisms

A

Complement proteins

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9
Q

Largest plasma protein; block blood loss from small vessels

A

Fibrinogen

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10
Q

a yellowish liquid produced when plasma proteins react with one another to produce a clot.

A

Serum

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11
Q

Total blood volume (45%) RBCs in the bottom later

A

Hematocrit

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12
Q

Refers to the tissue where hemopoiesis takes place or the production of formed elements

A

Hematopoietic tissue

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13
Q

Organized structures that support immune responses and the sites of lymphocyte development.

A

Lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

Synonymous with Red Bone marrow from birth onwards.

  • Site for the production of all formed elements.
A

Myeloid tissue

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15
Q

What is the optimal angle to draw blood using capillary

A

30 - 40 degrees

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16
Q

If the angle is greater than 30 then

A

smear thicker (low hematocrit)

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17
Q

If the angle is lower than 30 then

A

smear thinner (high hematocrit)

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18
Q

Are universally employed for staining of blood films.

A

Romanowsky stains

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19
Q

Fixative

A

Methanol

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20
Q

The basic dye and has affinity for acidic component of the cell

A

Methylene Blue

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21
Q

The acidic dye and has affinity for basic component of the cell

A

Eosin/Azure

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22
Q

What is the the acidic component of the cell

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

what is the basic component of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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24
Q

What are the romanowsky stains

A

methanol
methylene blue
eosin or azure

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25
Q

It is the mixture of giemsa powder, glycerine and methyl alcohol

A

Giemsa stain

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26
Q

Dipping of air-dried smear in undiluted stain for 15 to 30 secs

A

Wright’s stain

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27
Q

This cell lacks nuclei, biconcave discs

A

Red Blood Cells

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28
Q

What is the lifespan of RBC

A

120 days

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29
Q

This cell is very small, non- nucleated, membrane- bound cell fragments

A

Platelets

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30
Q

What is the life span of platelets

A

9-12 days

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31
Q

Why are WBC important?

A

Chemotaxis

Chemotactic factors

Diapedesis

Phagocytosis

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32
Q

AZUROPHILIC PRIMARY GRANULES are also known as

A

lysosomes

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33
Q

It is dense vesicles with a major role in both killing and degrading engulfed microorganism

A

Azurophilic primary granules

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34
Q

What are the components of azurophilic primary granules

A

MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO)

LYSOZYME

DEFENSINS

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35
Q

It is smaller and less dense, stain faintly pink.

Secretion of various ECM degrading enzymes

A

Specific secondary granules

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36
Q

This cells have nuclei having 2 to 5 lobes linked by thin nuclear extension
Kill and phagocytose bacteria

A

Neutrophils

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37
Q

What is the lifespan of neutrophil in the blood

A

8 hours

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38
Q

What is the life span of neutrophil in the tissue

A

1-4 days

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39
Q

What is the reference range of neutrophils in the body

A

50% - 70%

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40
Q

It is cells that are bilobed nucleus and far less numerous than neutrophils

Kill helminthic and other parasites; Modulate local inflammation

A

Eosinophils

41
Q

What is the life span of eosinophil in the tissue?

A

8 - 12 days

42
Q

What is the life span of eosinophil in the blood?

A

3 - 8 hours

43
Q

What is the reference range of eosinophils in the body

44
Q

An arginine- rich factor that accounts for the granule’s acidophilia

A

Major basic protein (MBP)

45
Q

It is cells that consists of 2 irregular lobes and a large specific granule

Modulate inflammation, Release histamine during allergy

46
Q

How many days does basophils stay on blood and tissue

47
Q

What is the reference range of basophils in the body

A

less than 1%

48
Q

These cells are usually distinctly indented or C- shaped

Precursor of macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytic cells

49
Q

What is the life span of monocyte in the blood?

A

1 - 2 days

50
Q

What is the life span of monocyte in the tissues?

51
Q

What is the reference range of monocyte in the body

52
Q

These are the smallest leukocyte with spherical nuclei, Most numerous agranulocytes

Effector and regulatory cells for adaptive immunity

A

Lymphocytes

53
Q

What is the life span of monocyte in the blood and tissue?

A

a few hours to years

54
Q

What is the reference range of lymphocyte in the body

55
Q

What is the largest wbc

56
Q

What is the smallest wbc

A

lymphocyte

57
Q

What are the examples of lymphocytes

A

B- LYMPHOCYTES

Helper and Cytotoxic T- LYMPHOCYTES

NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS

58
Q

What are the 3 basic structural components of the wall of larger blood vessels?

A
  1. Simple squamous endothelium
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Connective tissue (elastic and collagen fibers)
59
Q

It is a special type of epithelium that acts as a semipermeable barrier between two internal

A

Endothelium

60
Q

What are the compartments of endothelium

A

blood plasma and interstitial fluid

61
Q

It mediates and actively monitor the bidirectional exchange of small molecules

A

Endothelium

62
Q

It occur in the walls of all vessels larger than capillaries.;arranged helically

A

Smooth muscle cells/fibers

63
Q

It is present in vascular walls in amounts and proportions that vary based on local functional requirements.

A

Connective tissue

64
Q

What are the components of connective tissue

A

collagen fibers

elastic materials

ground substance

65
Q

It is found thoughout the wall

A

Collagen fibers

66
Q

It provides the resiliency for the vascular wall expanded under pressure.

A

Elastic materials

67
Q

It forms a heterogeneous gel in the extracellular spaces of the wall; contributing to the physical properties and affecting permeability and diffusion of substances through the wall.

A

Ground substance

68
Q

What are the layers of capillaries

A

tunica intima only

69
Q

It consists of an endothelium composed of simple squamous epithelial cells,

A

Tunica intima

70
Q

It separates tunica media and tunica intima and allows diffusion of substances

A

Internal elastic lamina in the arteries

71
Q

It consists of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel

A

Tunica media

72
Q

It separates the media from the tunica adventitia

A

External elastic lamina in the arteries

73
Q

It is composed of connective tissue (type I collagen and elastic fibers).; gradually continuous

A

Tunica adventitia

74
Q

What is considered as the vessels of the vessels

A

vasa vasorum which consist of arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the tunica adventitia and outer part of media.

75
Q

What are the types of arteries

A

Elastic arteries

Muscular arteries

arterioles

76
Q

It is the largest-diameter arteries and have the thickest wall.

A

Elastic artery

77
Q

What is the composition of elastic artery

A

greater elastic tissue and smaller portion of smooth muscle

78
Q

This artery include medium-sized and small diameter arteries.

A

Muscular arteries

79
Q

What is the composition of muscular arteries

A

more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers

80
Q

This artery have smaller diameter

A

Small arteries

81
Q

What is the composition of small arteries

A

have only 3 or 4 layers of smooth muscle

82
Q

this arteries are adapted for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Small arteries

83
Q

Is a very small artery that delivers blood to capillaries.

A

Arterioles

84
Q

What is the composition of arterioles

A

one or 2 layers of circular smooth muscle cells.

85
Q

This artery has blood flow from arteries to capillaries

A

Arterioles

86
Q

Are microscopic vessels that connect arterioles to venules.

A

Capillaries

87
Q

What is the composition of capillaries

A

simple squamous epithelium

88
Q

What is the blood flow of capillaries

A

microcirculation

89
Q

It is cells of multi-functional mural cells of the microcirculation that wrap around the endothelial cells

90
Q

What is the other term for pericytes

A

Rouget cells

91
Q

What are the types of capillaries

A

Continuous capillaries

Fenestrated capillaries

Sinusoid Capillaries

92
Q

It is the most common type

Have tight, occluding junctions sealing the intercellular clefts between all the endothelial cells

A

Continuous capillaries

93
Q

It is characterized by the presence of small circular fenestrae

it has very thin squamous cells

A

Fenestrated capillaries

94
Q

Where is fenestrated capillaries commonly found

A

It is found in the blood, kidney, intestine, chroroid plexus, and endocrine glands

95
Q

Permits maximal exchange of macromolecules between tissues and blood

A

Sinusoid capillaries

96
Q

What are the characteristics of sinusoid capillaries

A

Have large fenestrae without diaphragms

Cells form discontinuous layer and are separated from one another by wide spaces

Basal lamina is discontinuous.

97
Q

What is the composition of venules

A

smooth muscle fibers and fibroblasts

98
Q

These veins are slightly larger in diameter than venules.

Tunica media: cont layer of smooth muscle cells

A

Small veins

99
Q

It is veins that has valves in veins of the LOWER LIMBS than in veins of upper limbs, prevents the flow of blood toward the feet in response to the pull of gravity.

A

Large veins

Histo LAB (7 decks)

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