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Histo LAB > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

It is the largest single organ of the body

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

What % comprises the body weight of skin

A

15 to 20%

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3
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system

A 
Protection
Sensory
Thermoregulatory
Metabolic
Sexual Signaling
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4
Q

Physical barrier against thermal and mechanical insults such as friction pathogens and other material

A

Protection

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5
Q

Receptors allow skin to constantly monitor the environment

A

Sensory

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6
Q

Has mechanism for accelerating heat loss through sweat production and dense superficial microvasculature

A

Thermoregulatory

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7
Q

Synthesize ___ through the local action of UV light on the vitamin’s precursor.

A

Metabolic; vitamin D3

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8
Q

Visual indicators of health involved in attraction
o Hair
o Pigmentation

A

Sexual signaling

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9
Q

Produced by apocrine sweat glands are also important

A

Pheromones

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10
Q

Peg-and-socket interdigitations in most skin that form distinctive patterns unique for each individual

A

Epidermal Ridges

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11
Q

Combinations of loops, arches, and whorls

A

Dermatoglyphs

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12
Q

Contain many blood vessels that supply the overlying epidermis with nutrients, remove waste products and aid in regulating body temperature

A

Dermal Papillae

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13
Q

It has a ectodermal origin

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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15
Q

It has a mesodermal origin

A

Dermis

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16
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis

A

connective tissue

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17
Q

A loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to the underlying tissues

A

Hypodermis

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18
Q

What cells compises the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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19
Q

When is the human epidermis renewed

A

Every 15 to 30 days

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20
Q

It lacks microvasculature, cell receives nutrients through the dermis

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

Pigment-producing cells

A

Melanocytes

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22
Q

Where can the melanocytes be found

A

Basal layer

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23
Q

It is an antigen-presenting cells to T-lymphocytes found in stratum spinosum layer

A

Langerhans cells

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24
Q

Where can the langerhans cells be found

A

Stratum spinosum

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25
Q

Tactile epithelial cells for light touch mostly found in thick skin

A

Merkel cells

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26
Q

Where is the merkel cells located

A

Granular basal epidermal cells

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27
Q

Where is the merkel cells abundant

A

Fingertips

Bases of hair follicles

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28
Q

It is a disease that is uncommon, are very aggressive and difficult to treat.

A

Merkel cell carcinoma

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29
Q

This layer consists of 15 –20 layers of flattened, nonnucleated keratinized cells whose cytoplasm is filled with birefringent filamentous keratin.

A

Stratum corneum

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30
Q

Horny cornified or fully keratinized cells which are continuously shed as desmosomes and lipid rich cell envelopes break down.

A

Squames

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31
Q

Chronic skin condition in which keratocytes are typically produced and differentiate at accelerated rates, causing at least slight thickening of the epidermal layers and increased keratinization and desquamation.; cause by T lymphocyte

A

Psoriasis

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32
Q

This layer is only seen on THICK skin;

Consists of thin, translucent layer extremely flattened eosinophilic cells

A

Stratum lucidum

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33
Q

Nuclei and organelles have been lost and cytoplasm contains packed keratin

A

Stratum lucidum

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34
Q

Consists of 3 -5 layers of flattened polygonal cells undergoing terminal differentiation process of keratinization

A

Stratum granulosum

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35
Q

Dense, non-membrane bound masses of filaggrin and other proteins

A

Keratohyaline granules

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36
Q

Small ovoid structures with many lamellae with lipids and glycolipids, undergo exocytosis to produce lipid rich layer which contributes to skin’s barrier against water loss

A

Golgi-derived lamellar granules

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37
Q

Thickest layer, especially in epidermal ridges

A

Stratum spinosum

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38
Q

It consist of polyhedral or slightly flattened cells having central nuclei with nucleoli and cytoplasm actively synthesizing keratin filaments

A

Stratum spinosum

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39
Q

Combination of stratum spinosum and basale where cells may still divivde

A

Stratum germinativum

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40
Q

Keratin filaments assemble into microscopically visible bundles called _____ that converge and terminate at the desmosomes

A

Tonofibrils

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41
Q

This is the basal layer with intense mitotic activity

A

Stratum basale

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42
Q

What type of tissue is in the stratum basale

A

Basophilic columnar or cuboidal cells

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43
Q

Join cells to basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosomes

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44
Q

Bind cells in lateral and upper

A

Desmosomes

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45
Q

This condition are lymph-filled spaces created between the epidermis and dermis of thick skin by excessive rubbing, as with ill-fitting shoes or hard use of the hands.

A

Friction blisters

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46
Q

One cell thick containing most mitotic cells

A

Stratum basale

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47
Q

Where synthesis of much keratin and other proteins takes place

A

Stratum spinosum

48
Q

Consisting of dead squames composed mostly of keratin

A

Stratum corneum

49
Q

It synthesize melanin granules and transfer them into neighboring keratinocytes
of the basal and spinous layers

A

Melanocytes

50
Q

Brown or black pigment

A

Eumelanin

51
Q

Red pigment

A

Pheomelanin

52
Q

Pale staining rounded cell bodies attached by hemidesmosomes to basal lamina, with no attachment to keratinocyte

A

Neural crest

53
Q

1 melanocyte + keratinocytes which receives melanosomes

A

Epidermal-melanin unit

54
Q

Congenital disorder producing skin hypopigmentation due to a defect in tyrosinase or some other component of the melanin-producing pathway

A

Albinism

55
Q

Acquired condition which involves skin depigmentation, often only in affected patches, due to the loss or decreased activity of melanocytes.

A

Vitiligo

56
Q

it converts tyrosine into 3,4-

dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)

A

Tyrosinase

57
Q

In stage does melanin synthesis occurs

A

Stage II melanosomes

58
Q

This is the stage when a mature melanin granule has lost tyrosinase

A

Sage IV

59
Q

What comprises the dermis

A

Hair follicles
Glands
and nerves

60
Q

Is always found between the stratum basale and

the papillary layer of the dermis.

A

Basement membrane

61
Q

Blistering disorder due to abnormalities of the

dermal-epidermal junction

A

Bulbous pemphigoid

62
Q

Blistering disorder caused by autoimmune damage

to intercellular junctions between keratinocytes.

A

Pemphigus

63
Q

Constitute the major part of the dermal papillae.

A

Papillary layer of dermis

64
Q

What is the composition of papillary layer of dermis

A

Loose CT, Type I and III collagen with fibroblast, and other connective tissue such as mast cells and macrophage

65
Q

Capillary branches extend into the dermal papillae and

form a rich, nutritive capillary network

A

Subpapillary vascular plexus

66
Q

Composed of irregular dense connective tissue

and has more fibers and fewer cells

A

Reticular layer of dermis

67
Q

Consists of loose connective tissue that binds the skin loosely to the subjacent organs, making it
possible for the skin to slide over them.

A

Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis

68
Q

Including both simple nerve endings with no glial or

collagenous covering structure

A

Sensory receptors of the skin

69
Q

Associated with epidermal tactile cells, which function as receptor for light touch

A

Tactile disc

70
Q

Respond primarily to high and low temperatures, pain, and itching, but also function
as tactile receptors

A

Free nerve endings

71
Q

A web
of sensory fibers surrounding the bases of hair follicles
in the reticular dermis that detects movement of the
hairs

A

Root hair plexus/hair follicle receptor

72
Q

Elliptical structures, perpendicular to the epidermis in the dermal papillae and papillary layer of the fingertips, palms and soles

A

Tactile corpuscles/Meissner’s Corpuscles

73
Q

Test than can determine the density of tactile Meissner

corpuscles in skin

A

Two-point discrimination tests

74
Q

Lamellated corpuscles

A

Pacinian corpuscles/Vater-pacinian corpuscles

75
Q

pressure sensing mechanoreceptors in the dermis.

A

Krause corpuscles

76
Q

Where is the krause corpuscles found

A

skin of penis and clitoris

77
Q

Pressure sensing mechanoreceptors in the dermis.

A

Ruffini corpuscles

78
Q

What are the accessory skin structures

A

Hair, arrector pili muscle, nails, glands of the skin

79
Q

Elongated keratinized structures

A

Hair

80
Q

Invaginations of the epidermal epithelium

A

Hair follicles

81
Q

Part of hair that is large, vacuolated and moderately

keratinized

A

Medulla

82
Q

Heavily keratinized, densely packed cells

A

Cortex

83
Q

Thin layer of heavily keratinized, squamous cells covering the cortex

A

Cuticle

84
Q

Epidermal invaginations that are sites of growth for

hair

A

Hair follicles

85
Q

Completely surrounds
the initial part of the hair root but
degenerates above the level of attached
sebaceous glands.

A

Internal root sheath

86
Q

Covers the internal
sheath and extends all the way to the
epidermis, where it is continuous with the
basal and spinous layers.

A

External root sheath

87
Q

Thickened basement membrane of an acellular
hyaline layer separating hair follicle from the
dermis

A

Glassy membrane

88
Q

Terminal dilation of the growing hair follicle

A

Hair bulb

89
Q

inserts into the base of the

hair bulb and contains a capillary network

A

Hair dermal papilla

90
Q

Matrix is formed by
keratinocytes covering the
dermal papillla

A

Hair root

91
Q

Part of hair extending beyond skin surface

A

Hair shaft

92
Q

Is a strap of smooth muscle tissue connecting the
side of a follicle to the superficial surface of the
dermis

A

Arrector pili muscle

93
Q

Raised area of skin

A

Goose flesh

94
Q

Hard, flexible plates of keratin or the

dorsal surface of each distal phalanx.

A

Nails

95
Q

The free part

A

Free edge

96
Q

Visible part of the nail

A

Nail body

97
Q

A whitish crescent shaped area at the base of the nail

A

Lunula

98
Q

stratum corneum that

extends into the nail body

A

Eponychium (cuticle)

99
Q

Bound to a bed of epidermis

A

Nail plate

100
Q

Distal end of the plate free of the nail bed at the epidermal fold

A

Hyponychium

101
Q

Contains only basal and spinous epidermal layers

A

Nail bed

102
Q

Proximal part of the nail; portion of the

nail under the fold

A

Nail root

103
Q

Forms the nail root, in which cells divide, move distally and become keratinized
similar to hair but without keratohyaline granules

A

Nail matrix

104
Q 
Embedded in the
dermis over most of
the body surface
EXCEPT thick, hairless
skin of the palms and
soles
A

Sebaceous Gland

105
Q

What is the shape of the sebaceous gland

A

Branched acinar glands

106
Q

Hair follicle and associated

sebaceous glands

A

Pilosebaceous units

107
Q

An inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit,
which can be expected to occur during
adolescence.

A

Acne vulgaris

108
Q

Epithelial derivatives embedded in the dermis

A

Sweat Gland

109
Q 
Is the physiological response to increased body
temperature during
physical exercise or
thermal stress and in
humans the most
effective means of
temperature regulation
A

Sweating

110
Q

Widely distributed
in the skin are most
numerous on the
soles of the feet

A

Eccrine sweat glands

111
Q

Located on the basal lamina to produce the sweat

A

Clear cells

112
Q

Line the lumen and release

glycoproteins with bactericidal activity

A

Dark cells

113
Q

Contract to move the

watery secretion

A

Myoepithelial cells

114
Q

How many layers of acidophilic cells does eccrine sweat glands have

A

2

115
Q

Largely confined to skin of the axillary perianal regions; Depends on sex hormones and is not complete until puberty

A

Apocrine sweat glands

116
Q

Have much larger lumens (glands)

A

Apocrine sweat glands

117
Q

What is the type of tissue of apocrine sweat glands

A

simple cuboidal

Histo LAB (7 decks)

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