Respiratory Flashcards
What condition is Horner’s syndrome associated with?
Pancoast tumour
What are the features of Horner’s syndrome?
Miosis (small pupil)
Ptosis
Enopthalmos (sunken eye)
Anhidrosis (loss of sweating on one side)
What drastically increases the risk of pneumothorax in young otherwise healthy men?
Stopping smoking
Reduces risk from 10% to 0.1%
What test should be offered to all patients with TB?
HIV testing - latent TB is often pushed into active disease by immunosuppression
What lesions are often seen in TB?
Ghon focus
What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
A hypersensitivity to a variety of inhaled organic particles. It is thought to be caused by largely immune-mediated tissue damage (type III hypersensitivity), though there is some type IV hypersensitivity in the chronic stage
What is the presentation in acute EAA?
4-8 hours after exposure
SOB
Dry cough
Fever
Inspiratory crackles/squeaks
What is the presentation in chronic EAA?
Progressive exertional breathlessness as a result of pulm. fibrosis
There may be a history of acute episodes
Inspiratory crackles consistent with pulm. fibrosis
What would you see on chest x-ray in EAA?
Diffuse ground glass changes with small nodules (acute)
Pulmonary fibrosis in upper/mid zones (chronic)
What do you see on bloods in EAA?
Neutrophil leukocytosis
No eosinophilia
What do you see on pulmonary function testing in EAA?
A restrictive pattern
How do we manage EAA?
Allergen avoidance
Oral prednisolone may help recovery, but not prognosis
What is sarcoidosis?
A multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by non-caseating granulomas
What demographic are most likely to get sarcoidosis?
Young adults and people of African descent
HLA B8 gene associated
What are the features of sarcoidosis?
Acute:
Erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, swinging fever, polyarthralgia
Insidious:
Dyspnoea, non-productive cough (due to pulm. fibrosis), malaise, weight loss
Hypercalcaemia
Lupus pernio
Anterior uveitis
Kidneys have granulomas (70%)