RESPIRATORY

Question 1

Clinical manifestations indicating impending respiratory failure:

Answer 1

1. PaCO2 >/- 45
2. PaO2 - 60
3. Paradoxical breathing: abnormal inward movement of the chest on inspiration and outward movement on expiration.
4. Mental status change
5. Absence of wheezing and silent chest
6. Single-word dyspnea

*Clients with RF have respiratory acidosis (low pH and elevated pCO2)

Question 2

Air embolisms:

Answer 2

Rare, life-threatening complication of CVC insertion/removal.
Apply occlusive dressing to the site, administer oxygen, position the client in left lateral trendelenburg position, monitor client status, and immediately notify HCP

Question 3

Serum creatinine level =

Answer 3

0.6-1.3

Question 4

Clinical manifestations of an asthma exacerbation:

Answer 4

1. Accessory respiratory muscle use
2. Chest tightness
3. Cough from airway inflammation and increased mucus production
4. Diminished breath sounds related to hyperinflation
5. High-pitched expiratory wheezing
6. Tachypnea
7. Prolonged EXPIRATORY phase

Question 5

Characteristic manifestations of VAP:

Answer 5

• Purulent secretions
• Positive sputum cultures
• Leukocytosis
• Elevated temp
• New or progressive pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray

Question 6

NIPPV: Noninvasive positive airway pressure ventilation

Answer 6

Prescribed short-term to support gas exchange in clients who have moderate-severe COPD exacerbations

Question 7

BIPAP machine:

Answer 7

Used in a conscious client who is breathing spontaneously.

-Delivers oxygen to the lungs and removes CO2 –> causes mental status changes **monitor mental status