Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophys - Nat > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

respiration def

A

cellular metabolism and use of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventilation def

A

breathing; movement of air in conducting tubes and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

external respiration def

A

movement of air between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

internal respiration def

A

movement of air between systemic capillaries and tissues of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

perfusion def

A

blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

alveolar cell types (2)

A
  1. structure

2. surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 functions of respiratory system

A

ventilation, diffusion, perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lobes per lung

A

right = 3, left = 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pressure of pulmonary arteries

A

25/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chemoreceptors stimulate breathing in response to ___

A

increase in PaCO2 (and therefore pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

peripheral stimulate breathing in response to ___

A

decrease in PaO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mucous blanket in airways contain immune mediators such as (3)

A

immunoglobulin (IgA), PMNs (leukocytes), interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phagocytic cell in alveoli

A

macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

type of study and purpose of lung scan

A

morphologic; detection of emboli, infarction, pneumonia, and emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type of study and purpose of bronchoscopy

A

morphologic; detect cancer, remove foreign bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type of study and purpose of sputum study

A

morphologic; detect microbes, observe presence of pus, observe presence of blood, assess color and odor (indicative of infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

purpose of physiologic lung studies

A

show the affect of disease on lung function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cause of cyanosis

A

increase in reduced Hb (not bound to O2), i.e. low O2 sats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypoxemia def

A

inadequate O2 in blood; leads to hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hypoxia def

A

inadequate O2 in body tissues, local or generalized; caused by hypoxemia or ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ischemia def

A

inadequate perfusion (blood flow) to deliver oxygen; leads to hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypoventilation leads to:

A

hypercapnia, hypoxemia, respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hyperventilation leads to:

A

hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis, probably hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

obstructive ventilatory disorders makes ___ very difficult

A

expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

restrictive ventilatory disorders makes ___ very difficult

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chronic bronchitis def

A

increased mucus production for long time (3+ months or 2+ years in a row); d/t hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells and inflammation

27
Q

emphysema def

A

decrease in number of functional alveoli and ducts

28
Q

asthma def

A

hypersensitivity reaction; obstructive disorder; bronchial narrowing, bronchospasm, edema, and hypersecretion of mucus; mediated by IgE

29
Q

bronchiectasis def

A

chronic dilation of medium sized bronchi/bronchioles d/t inflammation

30
Q

pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis

A

chloride channels across multiple epithelia of the body are blocked with protein (lungs, pancreas, intestines, and apocrine sweat glands); causes increased mucus production and viscosity

31
Q

extrapulmonary disorders that cause restrictive lung disease

A

decreased compliance/elasticity of lungs or thoracic wall; neuro changes that depress respiratory function; musculoskeletal abnormalities like kyphosis or scoliosis;

32
Q

pleural and parenchymal disorders causing restrictive lung disease

A

pleural effusion; pneumothorax; atelectasis; pneumonia; pulmonary fibrosis

33
Q

relationship/difference between pleural effusion and atelectasis

A

pleural effusion can cause atelectasis

34
Q

risks for developing PE

A

being bedridden –> venous stasis; vein injury; hypercoagulability

35
Q

PE obstructs blood flow where?

A

out of right ventricle into pulmonary circulation

36
Q

2 types of acute respiratory failure

A
  1. hypoxemic, normocapnic: PaCO2 is normal or low at rest (hyperventilation)
  2. hypercapnic: PaCO2 is high (ventilatory failure/ hypoventilation)
37
Q

2 main characteristics of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A
  1. hypoxemia

2. diffuse noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

38
Q

ARDS etiology

A

direct or indirect injury to the lungs, i.e. shock, sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, aspiration, surgery

39
Q

ARDS pathogenesis

A

decrease in amount of surfactant plus damage to alveolar-capillary membrane –> leaky capillaries

40
Q

most common source of lung cancer

A

bronchogenic – not metastatic from other places

poor prognosis

41
Q

diagnostic tools for lung cancer (3)

A

radiology, bronchoscopy, cytology

42
Q

true or false: TB manifestations are the result of hypersensitivity reaction

A

true

43
Q

restrictive lung disorders cause a period of ___ventilation, followed by chronic ___ventilation

A

hyper, hypo

44
Q

pathogenesis of dyspnea

A

restriction/obstruction –> hypoventilation –> elevated PaCO2 –> stimulation of increased respiratory rate –> restriction/obstruction prevents effective increase in RR

45
Q

first sign of respiratory failure

A

increased RR

46
Q

decrease in radius of a vessel ___ ___ resistance to flow

A

exponentially increases

47
Q

pathophysiological problem of obstructive lung disorder

A

air trapping

48
Q

normal alveolar PO2

A

100-105 mm Hg

49
Q

normal alveolar PCO2

A

40 mm Hg

50
Q

normal arterial PO2

A

90-95 mm Hg

51
Q

normal arterial PCO2

A

40 mm Hg

52
Q

normal venous PO2

A

40 mm Hg

53
Q

normal venous PCO2

A

46-47 mm Hg

54
Q

causes of left shift in oxyhemoglobin curve

A

hypothermia, alkalosis, hypocapnia

55
Q

left shift in oxyhemoglobin curve means

A

increased O2 affinity

56
Q

alveolar consolidation def

A

alveoli filling with fluid (blood, pus, water)

57
Q

pneumothorax pathogenesis

A

interruption of transmural pressure gradient between visceral and parietal pleura

58
Q

airway inflammation in asthma is characterized by ___, ___ (obstruction/restriction)

A

recurrent, reversible obstruction (narrowing)

59
Q

COPD airway inflammation is characterized by ___ (obstruction/restriction)

A

fixed obstruction (narrowing)

60
Q

smokers develop ___lobular emphysema

A

centri-

61
Q

most common origin of metastases in the lungs

A

breast

62
Q

largest lung volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume

63
Q

most important lung volume measurement for obstructive pulmonary diseases

A

FEV = forced expiratory capacity (will be low)

64
Q

normal minute lung volume at rest

A

9-10 L/min

Pathophys - Nat (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions