Fluid/Electro/Acid-Base

Question 1

the effective circulating volume is directly proportional to

Answer 1

cardiac output

Question 2

Sudden expansion of ECF volume with rapid infusion of isotonic saline would be expected to cause

Answer 2

decreased secretion of ADH
decreased secretion of renin
decreased secretion of aldosterone
hypervolemia

Question 3

Hypovolemia impairs cardiac output by:

a) decreasing cardiac output, or
b) decreasing venous return

Answer 3

decreasing venous return

Question 4

total water loss per day in the adult is approximately

Answer 4

2.8L

Question 5

about 2/3 of total body water content is located in what compartment

Answer 5

plasma (vascular)

Question 6

a milliequivalent is a unit of

Answer 6

chemical activity

Question 7

the principle of osmotic neutrality refers to

Answer 7

the balance of positive and negative ions in the blood

Question 8

aldosterone regulates:

Answer 8

Na+ and water (Na+ directly, water follows)

Question 9

normal serum Na+

Answer 9

135-145

Question 10

normal serum K+

Answer 10

3.5-5

Question 11

normal serum Ca++

Answer 11

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dl; or 4.3 to 5.3 mEq/L; or 2.2 to 2.7

mmol/L)

Question 12

definition of acid

Answer 12

a substance/chemical that donates a hydrogen ion or a proton

Question 13

definition of strong acid

Answer 13

readily dissociate/give up H+ ion

pH=2

Question 14

Na+ ions “trade places” with ___ to maintain ion balance?

Answer 14

K+

Question 15

HCO3- ions “trade places” with ___ to maintain ion balance

Answer 15

Cl-

Question 16

elevated anion gap is associated with accumulation of:

Answer 16

lactate ion

Question 17

osmotic imbalances primarily impact what space?

Answer 17

ICF (intracellular)

think about calcium and muscle contraction–>effects are INSIDE cells

Question 18

volume imbalances primarily impact what space?

Answer 18

ECF (extracellular)

think volume=water=blood

Question 19

renal failure is associated with what acid-base imbalance?

Answer 19

metabolic acidosis

Question 20

first response to acid-base imbalance is

Answer 20

blood buffers

Question 21

fastest to slowest: compensatory mechanism actions for acid-base imbalance

Answer 21

blood buffers, respiration, kidney function

Question 22

respiratory alkalosis is caused by what breathing pattern?

Answer 22

hyperventilation –> blowing off CO2

Question 23

body fat [contains/does not contain] water

Answer 23

does not contain

Question 24

charge of cations

Answer 24

positive

Question 25

charge of anions

Answer 25

negative

think A.N. ion - A Negative ion

Question 26

change in level of serum potassium with acidosis

Answer 26

increase