Repro Flashcards
endometrial hyperplasia is usually caused by
abnormal hormone production
pelvic inflammatory disease
usually starts with a singular STI or microbe, but considered a polymicrobial disease
death often caused by septic shock
majority of cervical carcinomas are this type
squamous cell
endometrial cancer occurs most in this age group
post-menopause
cervical cancer most common cause
HPV
dysfunctional uterine bleeding may be defined as:
bleeding that occurs when there is no demonstrable organic cause
lab result that is associated with amenorrhea due to ovarian failure
increased FSH
amenorrhea with low FSH is likely caused by a disorder of the hypothalamus, the pituitary, or the ovaries?
hypothalamus or pituitary
biological changes of menopause are associated with what hormone change?
diminished estradiol/estrogen
levels of estrogen [increase/decrease] during the follicular phase of ovarian cycle
increase
sustained stimulation by FSH during the follicular phase of ovarian cycle causes:
increased production of estrogen
estrogen production occurs in the follicular cells of ovaries upon stimulation by:
FSH and LH
dysmenorrhea definition
painful menstruation r/t uterine crampin
cause of primary dysmenorrhea
increased prostaglandin F2 levels; NOT a pelvic disease
cause of secondary dysmenorrhea
any other disease process besides prostaglandins, physical disorder – polyps, PID, endometriosis, etc
amenorrhea is physiologic in what populations?
pregnancy, prepubescence, menopause
the majority type of cervical carcinomas
squamous cell carcinoma
prevalence of fibrocystic breast disease
at least 50%
infiltrating ductal carcinoma is generally [painful/not painful]
NOT painful
skin dimpling of breasts is usually a sign of:
late stage breast cancer
fibroadenomas are [benign/malignant]
benign
dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis would cause what hormonal changes?
decreased FSH and decrease production of sperm
the majority type of cervical carcinomas
squamous cell carcinoma
prevalence of fibrocystic breast disease
at least 50%
treatment for cryptorchidism
LH, surgery (orchiopexy)
skin dimpling of breasts is usually a sign of:
late stage breast cancer
fibroadenomas are [benign/malignant]
benign
dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis would cause what hormonal changes?
decreased FSH and decrease production of sperm
cryptorchidism definition
failure of testes to descend
priapism [is/is not] a medical emergency; and define
IS a medical emergency
persistent erection of penis
problem of testicular torsion
ischemia secondary to cut off blood flow
hydrocele definition
fluid filled sac in tunica vaginalis
varicocele definition
abnormal dilation of veins that drain the testes
BPH definition
benign prostatic hyperplasia;
benign fibroadenomatous nodules;
can cause urinary obstruction
priapism [is/is not] a medical emergency; and define
IS
persistent erection of penis
prostatitis is usually caused by
E. coli, chronic untreated gonorrhea
characteristics of secondary syphilis
stage 2; widespread rash, nonspecific other symptoms
what male population is more susceptible to penile carcinoma?
uncircumcised
percentage of cancers in men that are prostate cancer
20%
stages of syphilis during which individuals are most contagious
primary and secondary
characteristics of primary syphilis
stage 1; canchres
characteristics of secondary syphilis
stage 2; widespread rash
true or false: prostate glands containing prostatic adenocarcinoma may or may not be enlarged
true
ophthalmia neonatorum is caused by what bacteria
neisseria gonorrhea
benign tumors derived from smooth muscle are called
leiomyomas/ fibroid tumors
condylomata acuminata infection is also called
genital warts (HPV)
purpose of Pap smear
detection of cervical lesions that may be pre-neoplastic or neoplastic
true or false: prostate glands containing prostatic adenocarcinoma may or may not be enlarged
true
causes of endometriosis are [well known/not well known]
not well known
benign tumors derived from smooth muscle are called
leiomyomas/ fibroid tumors
leiomyomas are [common/uncommon]
common
most common type of ovarian cancer
epithelial carcinoma
ovarian cysts contain:
fluid
causes of endometriosis are [well known/not well known]
not well known
treatment for endometrial hyperplasia/polyps
D&C
endometriosis is likely caused by:
retrograde menstrual flow
cystocele definition (female)
herniation of urinary bladder into vagina
cancer of vulva initial appearance
thickening of vulvar skin
leading cause of cancer deaths in males
prostate
