Respiratory

Question 1

true or false: the laryngopharynx becomes the oseophagus

Answer 1

true

Question 2

true or false: the larynx becomes the oseophagus

Answer 2

false (trachea)

Question 3

the trachea begins at __ and terminates at __ just below the sternal angle

Answer 3

C6, T5

Question 4

the posterior surface of the trachea is connected by flattened fibroelastic muscle known as the

Answer 4

trachealis

Question 5

there are ___ to ___ C-shape cartilage rings that keep the trachea open

Answer 5

16, 20

Question 6

list the following in the correct order:

1) alveoli sac
2) lobar bronchi
3) segmental bronchi
4) primary bronchi
5) terminal bronchiole
6) alveolar duct
7) trachea

Answer 6

7, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 1

Question 7

which of these is TRUE regarding left principal bronchus:

a) 2 lobar bronchi, superior and inferior
b) more lateral angle than right side
c) 5cm long and thinner than the left side
d) all of the above

Answer 7

d

Question 8

which of these is FALSE regarding the right principal bronchus:

a) three lobar bronchi, superior middle inferior
b) wider, more vertical, and shorter than the left side
c) all lobar bronchi arise within the lung
d) azygous vein arches over superior lobar bronchi
d) none of the above are false

Answer 8

c (only middle and inferior)

Question 9

true or false: in the right lung, the pulmonary artery arises superiorly to the principal bronchus

Answer 9

false (RALES –> right is more anterior/medial to the primary bronchus)

Question 10

true or false: in the left lung, the pulmonary artery arises inferiorly to the primary bronchus

Answer 10

false (RALES –> left pulmonary artery arises superiorly to the principal bronchus)

Question 11

at which level do the bronchial lose their cartilage?

Answer 11

less than 1mm, terminal bronchiole

Question 12

the pulmonary ligament is formed by the ____ pleura and covers the ___ and root of the lungs

Answer 12

parietal, hilus/hilum

Question 13

the pulmonary ligament is __ to the lungs:

a) medial
b) anterior
c) lateral
d) posterior

Answer 13

a

Question 14

which of these is NOT part of the roots of the lungs:

a) pulmonary arteries and veins
b) bronchial arteries and veins
c) lymph hilar
d) nerves
e) primary bronchus
f) all of the above are part of the roots of the lungs

Answer 14

f

Question 15

there are _ pleural recess known as the ______ and ____

Answer 15

2, costomedistinal, costodiaphragmatic

Question 16

which two nerves innervate the parietal pleura of the lungs?

a) phrenic nerves
b) intercostal nerves
c) vagus nerve
d) A & C
e) B & C
f) A & B

Answer 16

e

Question 17

parietal pleura and the visceral pleura only touch upon:

a) quiet expiration
b) quiet inspiration
c) deep expiration
d) deep inspiration

Answer 17

d

Question 18

the anterior border is shaped by the _____ recess and is sharply angled

Answer 18

costodiaphragmatic

Question 19

the posterior border is shaped by the vertebral column and is _____

Answer 19

rounded

Question 20

name all four surfaces of the lung:

Answer 20

apex, base, costal surface, medial surface

Question 21

which of the following is not true of the right lung:

a) oblique and horizontal fissures
b) lingula/cardiac notch present
c) three lobes superior, middle, inferior
d) indentation by azygous vein, IVC, right atrium, right subclavian artery

Answer 21

b

Question 22

which of the following is not true about the left lung:

a) lingula/cardiac notch present
b) one horizontal fissure and 2 lobes
c) indentation by the aorta, ventricles, left subclavian, left common carotid
d) all of the above are true

Answer 22

b (oblique fissure)

Question 23

small bronchial arteries derive from the:

Answer 23

descending thoracic aorta

Question 24

true or false: the pulmonary plexus is formed by the vagus trunk and sympathetic trunk

Answer 24

true

Question 25

true or false: the bronchomediastinal trunk drains the lymph from the lungs

Answer 25

true

Question 26

true or false: bronchial veins drain into the coronary sinus

Answer 26

false (pulmonary veins or azygous)

Question 27

true or false: pretracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes drain the trachea to the deep cervical lymph nodes

Answer 27

true

Question 28

true or false: the trachea is supplied by the inferior thyroid vessels

Answer 28

true

Question 29

true or false: the vagus plexus is the only nerve that supplies the trachea

Answer 29

false (sympathetic trunk as well)

Question 30

what are the two major groups involved in inspiration?

Answer 30

diaphragm, external intercostal muscles

Question 31

what are the three major groups involved in expiration?

Answer 31

internal & innermost intercostal muscles, abdominal wall muscles

Question 32

during deep inspiration, apart from the diaphragm and external intercostals, which of the following is NOT assisting?

a) scalene
b) serratus
c) pectoralis major
d) pectoralis minor,
e) quadratus lumborum
f) all of the above assist

Answer 32

f

Question 33

during deep expiration, apart from internal & innermost intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles, what else is assisting?

Answer 33

diaphragm and external intercostals relax, all abdominal muscles are activated (external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus)