Lymph Vessels

Question 1

List three main functions of lymph vessels

Answer 1

1) transport immune cells and lmphocytes which are produced in lymph nodes
2) collect and return of tissue fluid that is mainly highly MW proteins . 20% is via systemic circulation and 80% is via venous circulation
3) uptake and transport of long chain (>12C) FAs absorbed by the small intestines then goes to the liver via portal vein. Lymph then goes to the thoracic duct.

Question 2

which of these is NOT a general feature of lymph vessels (multiple answers)

a) many valves, small, very permeable, and thinned wall
b) always attached to a lymph node
c) not found in cartilage, cornea, and epidermis
d) blindly ending arising tubes in connective tissue
e) found in CNS and bone marrow
f) found as plexus on adventitia on large vessels

Answer 2

b, e

Question 3

true or false: lymph vessels are ALWAYS associated with lymph nodes

Answer 3

False

Question 4

true or false: lymph nodes are not considered organs

Answer 4

False

Question 5

which of these statements about lymph nodules is true?

a) lymph nodules are proliferative structures in lymph nodes that produce lymphocytes and immune cells.
b) a lymph nodule is the closest nodule into which lymph from an organ drains into
c) lymph nodules are always associated with lymph vessels
d) lymph nodules are proliferative structures in lymph vessels that produce lymphocytes and immune cells

Answer 5

a

Question 6

true or false: the spleen, thymus, and tonsils are all lymphatic organs

Answer 6

True

Question 7

true or false: all lymph nodes are associated with lymph vessels

Answer 7

True

Question 8

which of these statements about the sentinel node is true?

a) the sentinel nodule is a proliferative structure in lymph nodes that produce lymphocytes and immune cells.
b) a sentinel nodule is the closest nodule into which lymph from an organ drains into
c) sentinel nodes are found in lymph nodes
d) sentinel nodes are proliferative structures in lymph vessels that produce lymphocytes and immune cells

Answer 8

b

Question 9

true or false: afferent lymph vessels are arriving at lymph nodes

Answer 9

true

Question 10

true or false: afferent lymph vessels are leaving lymph nodes

Answer 10

false (efferent)

Question 11

the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein form the _____ junction

Answer 11

jugulosubclavian

Question 12

True or false: the thoracic duct terminates in the left jugulosubclavian junction

Answer 12

true

Question 13

the cisterna chyli occurs in __% of people and is located at __

Answer 13

20%, L2

Question 14

the thoracic ducts begins in the ____ _____ and ends in the left ________ ________

Answer 14

cisterna chlyi, jugulosubclavian junction

Question 15

which of the following does NOT drain into the right lymphatic duct (if present):

a) right jugular
b) right subclavian
c) thoracic duct
d) right bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 15

c

Question 16

True or false: the thoracic duct drains both lower limbs

Answer 16

True

Question 17

true or false: the thoracic duct drains the left arm

Answer 17

False (only UPPER arm)

Question 18

true or false: the thoracic duct drains through the aortic hiatus at T10

Answer 18

False (T12)

Question 19

List the 5 tributaries of the thoracic duct that drain the left side of the body

Answer 19

2x lumbar trunks, 1x intestinal trunk, 2x descending thoracic trunks

Question 20

True or false: the thoracic duct enters the diaphragm at T12 (aortic hiatus) between the azygous vein and the descending aorta, posteromedially to the left.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false: after entering the thorax, the thoracic duct then goes through the posterior mediastinum and then enters the left jugulosubclavian vein junction and into the SVC

Answer 21

True

Question 22

In the thorax, the thoracic duct receives lymph from the medistinal trunks, as well as _ to _ intercostal trunks on either side

Answer 22

5 to 6

Question 23

true or false: the thoracic duct receives lymph from the right jugular trunk, right subclavian trunk, and right bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 23

false (these enter the right lymphatic duct or their adjacent vessels if it is not present, left side enters thoracic duct)

Question 24

the three lymph drainages of the skin are:

Answer 24

deep cervical lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes

Question 25

which of these is NOT true regarding the axillary lymph group?

a) remaining 25% drain to the parasternal group (sternum) and the infraclavicular group (shoulder)
b) 75% lymph is from the breast
c) contains 5 tributary groups
d) remaining 25% drain to the parasternal group (abdomen) and the infraclavicular group (shoulder)

Answer 25

a

Question 26

true or false: superficial proximal inguinal nodes drain the testes

Answer 26

false

Question 27

true or false: superficial proximal inguinal nodes drain the skin

Answer 27

true

Question 28

true or false: superficial proximal inguinal nodes are located along the greater saphenous vein

Answer 28

false (distal)

Question 29

true or false: superficial distal inguinal nodes drain the lower limbs

Answer 29

true

Question 30

the superficial proximal & ____ inguinal nodes drain into the deep nodes that run medially to the ____ vein. they then run into the external and common ____ node, then into the ____ trunk and thoracic duct.

Answer 30

distal, femoral, iliac, lumbar

Question 31

true or false: the inguinal trunk drains the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 31

false (anterior)

Question 32

true or false: the lumbar trunk drains the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 32

true

Question 33

true or false: intestinal nodes are known as ‘preaortic nodes’

Answer 33

true

Question 34

true or false: lumbar lymph nodes are known as ‘preaortic nodes’

Answer 34

false (lateral aortic or lumbar nodes)

Question 35

the lower thorax is drained by the:

Answer 35

descending thoracic trunk to cisterna chyli

Question 36

the upper thorax is drained by the:

Answer 36

bronchomediastinal trunk to the jugulosubclavian junction

Question 37

true or false: the thoracic duct enters the jugulosubclavian junction at C6

Answer 37

false (C7)