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USMLE - Pharmacology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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2
Q

Dimenhydrinate: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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4
Q

Clemastine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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5
Q

Brompheniramine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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6
Q

Meclizine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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7
Q

H1 blockers - 1st gen: Mechanism

A

Reversible inhibition of H1 histamine receptors

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8
Q

H1 blockers - 1st gen: Use (3)

A

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

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9
Q

H1 blockers - 1st gen: Side effects (4)

A

Sedation
Anti-muscarinic
Anti-alpha-adrenergic
Anti-serotonergic

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10
Q

Loratadine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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11
Q

Fexofenadaine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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12
Q

Desloratadine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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13
Q

Cetirizine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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14
Q

Levocarbastine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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15
Q

H1 blocker - 2nd gen: Use

A

Allergy

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16
Q

How are side effects different for 2nd gen vs 1st gen H1 blockers?

A

Less sedating than 1st gen because of decreased entry into CNS

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17
Q

Ketotifen: Mechanism

A

Non competitive H1 antagonist and mast cell stabilizer

Decreases chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils

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18
Q

Ketotifen: Use

A

Opthalmic antihistamine

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19
Q

Albuterol: Family

A

Beta-2 agonist (short acting)

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20
Q

Salmeterol: Family

A

Beta-2 agonist (long acting)

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21
Q

Formoterol: Family

A

Beta-2 agonist (long acting)

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22
Q

Beta 2-agonists: Mechanism (Resp)

A

Increase cAMP, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

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23
Q

Beta 2-agonists: Side effects (2) (Resp)

A

Long acting beta-agonists: tremor and arrhythmia

24
Q

Theophylline: Family

A

Methylxanthine

25
Theophylline: Mechanism (2)
Inhibits phosphodiesterase, decreases cAMP hydrolysis Causes bronchodilation Blocks actions of adenosine (adenosine increases bronchoconstriction)
26
Theophylline: Side effects (2)
Narrow therapeutic index - Cardiotoxicity - neurotoxicity (seizures)
27
How is theophylline metabolized?
P-450
28
Ipratropium: Mechanism
Muscarinic receptor antagonist, decreases bronchoconstriction
29
Ipratropium: Use (2)
Asthma | COPD
30
Tiotropium: Mechanism
Long acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (for asthma)
31
Beclomethasone: Family
Corticosteroids
32
Fluticasone: Family
Corticosteroids
33
Corticosteroids: Mechanism (Resp)
Inactivate NK-kB (TF that induces TNF alpha)
34
What is the first line for chronic asthma?
Corticosteroids
35
Montelukast, Zafirlukast: Mechanism
Leukotriene receptor inhibitors
36
Montelukast, Zafirlukast: Use
aspirin-induced asthma
37
Zileuton: Mechanism
5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor | Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
38
Zileuton: use
asthma
39
Omalizumab: Mechanism
Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody | Binds mostly to unbound serum IgE
40
Omalizumab: Use
Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting beta 2 agonist
41
Guaifenesin: Use
Expectorant | Thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex
42
N-acetylcysteine: Use (2)
Mucolytic - loosen mucous plugs in CF patients | Antidote for acetaminophen
43
N-acetylcysteine: Mechanism
Cleaves disulfide bridges within mucus glycoprotein
44
Bosetan: Use
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
45
Bosentan: Mechanism
Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing PVR
46
Dextromethorphan: Mechanism
Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptor; synthetic codeine analog
47
Dextromethorphan: Use
Antitussive
48
Dextromethorphan: Side effect
Mild opioid effect when used in excess (naloxone for overdose)
49
Pseudoephedrine: Family
Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist nasal decongestant
50
Phenylephrine: Family
Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist nasal decongestant
51
Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline: Family
Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist nasal decongestant
52
Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine: Use (4)
Reduce hyperemia Edema Nasal congestion Open obstructed eustachian tubes Pseudoephrine can also be used as a stimulant
53
Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine: Side effects (2)
Hypertension | CNS stimulant/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)
54
Methacholine: Mechanism
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
55
Methacholine: Use
Asthma challenge test

USMLE - Pharmacology (6 decks)

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