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USMLE - Pharmacology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Diphenhydramine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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2
Q

Dimenhydrinate: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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4
Q

Clemastine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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5
Q

Brompheniramine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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6
Q

Meclizine: Family

A

H1 blocker: first generation

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7
Q

H1 blockers - 1st gen: Mechanism

A

Reversible inhibition of H1 histamine receptors

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8
Q

H1 blockers - 1st gen: Use (3)

A

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

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9
Q

H1 blockers - 1st gen: Side effects (4)

A

Sedation
Anti-muscarinic
Anti-alpha-adrenergic
Anti-serotonergic

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10
Q

Loratadine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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11
Q

Fexofenadaine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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12
Q

Desloratadine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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13
Q

Cetirizine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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14
Q

Levocarbastine: Family

A

H1 blocker: second generation

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15
Q

H1 blocker - 2nd gen: Use

A

Allergy

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16
Q

How are side effects different for 2nd gen vs 1st gen H1 blockers?

A

Less sedating than 1st gen because of decreased entry into CNS

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17
Q

Ketotifen: Mechanism

A

Non competitive H1 antagonist and mast cell stabilizer

Decreases chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils

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18
Q

Ketotifen: Use

A

Opthalmic antihistamine

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19
Q

Albuterol: Family

A

Beta-2 agonist (short acting)

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20
Q

Salmeterol: Family

A

Beta-2 agonist (long acting)

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21
Q

Formoterol: Family

A

Beta-2 agonist (long acting)

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22
Q

Beta 2-agonists: Mechanism (Resp)

A

Increase cAMP, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

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23
Q

Beta 2-agonists: Side effects (2) (Resp)

A

Long acting beta-agonists: tremor and arrhythmia

24
Q

Theophylline: Family

A

Methylxanthine

25
Q

Theophylline: Mechanism (2)

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase, decreases cAMP hydrolysis
Causes bronchodilation

Blocks actions of adenosine (adenosine increases bronchoconstriction)

26
Q

Theophylline: Side effects (2)

A

Narrow therapeutic index

  • Cardiotoxicity
  • neurotoxicity (seizures)
27
Q

How is theophylline metabolized?

A

P-450

28
Q

Ipratropium: Mechanism

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist, decreases bronchoconstriction

29
Q

Ipratropium: Use (2)

A

Asthma

COPD

30
Q

Tiotropium: Mechanism

A

Long acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (for asthma)

31
Q

Beclomethasone: Family

A

Corticosteroids

32
Q

Fluticasone: Family

A

Corticosteroids

33
Q

Corticosteroids: Mechanism (Resp)

A

Inactivate NK-kB (TF that induces TNF alpha)

34
Q

What is the first line for chronic asthma?

A

Corticosteroids

35
Q

Montelukast, Zafirlukast: Mechanism

A

Leukotriene receptor inhibitors

36
Q

Montelukast, Zafirlukast: Use

A

aspirin-induced asthma

37
Q

Zileuton: Mechanism

A

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor

Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

38
Q

Zileuton: use

A

asthma

39
Q

Omalizumab: Mechanism

A

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

Binds mostly to unbound serum IgE

40
Q

Omalizumab: Use

A

Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting beta 2 agonist

41
Q

Guaifenesin: Use

A

Expectorant

Thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex

42
Q

N-acetylcysteine: Use (2)

A

Mucolytic - loosen mucous plugs in CF patients

Antidote for acetaminophen

43
Q

N-acetylcysteine: Mechanism

A

Cleaves disulfide bridges within mucus glycoprotein

44
Q

Bosetan: Use

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

45
Q

Bosentan: Mechanism

A

Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing PVR

46
Q

Dextromethorphan: Mechanism

A

Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptor; synthetic codeine analog

47
Q

Dextromethorphan: Use

A

Antitussive

48
Q

Dextromethorphan: Side effect

A

Mild opioid effect when used in excess (naloxone for overdose)

49
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Family

A

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist nasal decongestant

50
Q

Phenylephrine: Family

A

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist nasal decongestant

51
Q

Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline: Family

A

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist nasal decongestant

52
Q

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine: Use (4)

A

Reduce hyperemia
Edema
Nasal congestion
Open obstructed eustachian tubes

Pseudoephrine can also be used as a stimulant

53
Q

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine: Side effects (2)

A

Hypertension

CNS stimulant/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)

54
Q

Methacholine: Mechanism

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

55
Q

Methacholine: Use

A

Asthma challenge test

USMLE - Pharmacology (6 decks)

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