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USMLE - Pharmacology > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine: Family

A

H2 blockers

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2
Q

H2 blockers: Mechanism

A

Reversible block of H2 receptors decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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3
Q

H2 blockers: Use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild GERD

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4
Q

Cimetidine: Side effect (4)

A

Potent inhibitor of P-450
Antiandrogenic effects
Cross BBB and placenta
Decrease renal excretion of creatinine

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5
Q

Ranitidine: Side effect

A

Decrease renal excretion of creatnine

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6
Q

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole: Family

A

PPI

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7
Q

Proton pump inhibitors: Mechanism

A

Irreversible inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in parietal cells

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8
Q

Proton pump inhibitors: Use (4)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
GERD
Zollinger-Ellison

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9
Q

Proton pump inhibitors: Side effects (4)

A

Increased risk of C. difficile infection
Pneumonia
Hip fractures
Decreased Mg2+

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10
Q

Bismuth

A

Mucosal protection

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11
Q

Sucralfate

A

Mucosal protection

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12
Q

Bismuth, Sucralfate: Mechanism

A

Bind to ulcer base and provide physical protection; allow HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucosal layer

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13
Q

Bismuth, Sucralfate: Use (2)

A

Ulcer healing

Traveler’s diarrhea

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14
Q

Which should not be used with bismuth/sucralfate?

A

H2 antagonist (low pH required for polymerization)

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15
Q

Misoprostol: Mechanism

A

PGE1 analog
Increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier
Decreases acid production

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16
Q

Misoprostol: Use (3)

A 
NSAID-induced peptic ulcer
Maintenance of pDA
Induce labor (ripens cervix)
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17
Q

Misoprostol: Side effects (2)

A

Diarrhea

Abortifacient

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18
Q

Octreotide: Mechanism

A

Long-acting somatostatin analog

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19
Q

Octreotide: Use (4)

A

Acute variceal bleed
Acromegaly
VIPoma
Carcinoid tumors

20
Q

Octreotide: Toxicity (3)

A

nausea, cramps, stearrhoea

21
Q

Aluminum hydroxide: Use

A

Antacid

22
Q

Aluminum hydroxide: Side effect (5)

A

Constipation
Hypophosphatemia (osteodystrophy)
Hypokalemia
Proximal muscle weakness, seizures

23
Q

Magnesium hydroxide: Use (2)

A

Antacid

Osmotic laxative

24
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (5)

A 
Diarrhea
Hyporeflexia
Hypotension
Cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia
25
Q

Calcium carbonate: Use

A

Antacid

26
Q

Calcium carbonate: Toxicity (3)

A

Hypercalcemia
Rebound increased acid
Chelate and decrease effectiveness of other drugs (tetracycline)

27
Q

Magnesium citrate: Use

A

osmotic laxative

28
Q

Polyethylene glycol: Use

A

Osmotic laxative

29
Q

Lactulose: Use (2)

A 
osmotic laxative
hepatic encephalopathy (lactic acid and acetic acid by gut degradation) to promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+
30
Q

Oxmotic laxatives: Side effects (2)

A

Diarrhea

Dehydration

31
Q

Infliximab: Mechanism

A

Monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha

32
Q

Infliximab: Use (3)

A

Crohn’s disease
UC
RA

33
Q

Infliximab: Side effects (3)

A

Infections (latent reactivation of TB)
Fever
Hypotension

34
Q

Sulfasalazine: Mechanism

A

Sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)
Activated by colonic bacteria

35
Q

Sulfasalazine: Use

A

UC

Crohn’s

36
Q

Sulfasalazine: Side effects (4)

A

Sulfonamide toxicity
Reversible oligospermia
malaise
nausea

37
Q

Mesalamine: Family

A

Sulfasalazine

38
Q

Ondansetron: Mechanism

A

5-HT3 antagonist; powerful central acting antiemetic

39
Q

Ondansetron: Use (2)

A

Postop vomiting

Cancer chemo

40
Q

Ondansetron: Side effects (2)

A

Headache

Constipation

41
Q

Metoclopramide: Mechanism

A

D2 receptor antagonist in chemoreceptor trigger zone
Increase resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility

Does not influence colon transport time

42
Q

Metoclopramide: Use (3)

A

Diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis

Antiemetic

43
Q

Metoclopramide: Side effects (4)

A

Increased parkinsonian effects
Diarrhea
Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea

Interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents

44
Q

Metoclopramide is contraindicated in what?

A

Parkinson

Small bowel obstruction

45
Q

Megastrol acetate: Use

A

appetite stimulator

USMLE - Pharmacology (6 decks)

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