Respiratory Flashcards
What structures does oxygen exchange occur between?
- Capillary
- Alveolus
Normal breathing moves about _____ of air with each breath this is known as the tidal volume?
-500 ml
What factors affect respiratory capacity?
- A person’s size
- Sex
- Age
- Physical condition
- Pulmonary diseases
What is the inspiratory reserve volume?
-Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume (between 2100 and 3200 ml)
What is the air remaining after residual volume?
-air remaining in lung after expiration
What is a normal respiratory rate?
12-15 per minute
What can cause shortness of breath be caused by?
- ASthma
- Mucus plugs
- PE/pneumothorax
- COPD/pulmonary edema
- Poor inspiratory effort
What are the characteristics of chronic restrictive lung diseases?
- Restrict lung expansion
- Decreased lung volume
- Decreased total lung capacity
- Parenchyma altered/pleural linings altered interstitial lung diseases
What is associated with parenchyma altered/pleural linings altered interstitial lung diseases?
- Pneumonitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Mesthelioma
- Connective tissue autoimmune diseases
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exemplified by?
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Emphysema
What are the features of chronic bronchitis and empysema?
- Patients have a history of smoking
- Labored breathing (dyspnea)
- Coughing and frequent pulmonary infections
- Retain CO2
- Have hypoxic and respiratory acidosis
- Develop respiratory failure
What is emphysema?
-Alveoli enlarge as adjacent chambers break through the terminal bronchioles
What does the destruction of alveoli lead to?
-Capillary beds
What type of cardiac output is associated with emphysema?
-Low leads to muscle wasting and wt loss
What is bronchitis?
-Inflammation of the mucosa of the lower respiratory passages, metaplasia of goblet cells
