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Oral surgery 2020 > Endocrine system Hematology > Flashcards

Endocrine system Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What are chemicals secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells?

A

-Hormones

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2
Q

What are non-steroid hormones made of?

A

-Amino acids or proteins

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3
Q

What is usually activated by non-steroid hormones?

A

-G-protein

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4
Q

T/F Non-steroid hormones can cross the cell membrane with ease

A

False

Can NOT

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5
Q

What type of hormones are derived from lipid molecules?

A

-Prostaglandins

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6
Q

Signal molecule bind to _____ which activates _____ which alters ______ which creates _____

A
  • receptor protein
  • intracellular signal molecules
  • target proteins
  • response
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7
Q

What type of hormone comes from the anterior pituitary?

A

-Trophic hormone

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8
Q

What is the decrease of hormone receptors which decreases the sensitivity to that hormone?

A

-Down-regulation

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9
Q

What is the increase in the number of receptors which causes the cell to be more sensitive to a particular hormone?

A

-Up-regulation

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10
Q

Where does the hypothalamus receive information from?

A

-Thalamus

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11
Q

What does the hypothalamus monitor?

A
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • other conditions
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12
Q

What does the hypothalamus signal if conditions need to be corrected?

A

-Pituitary

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13
Q

What bony structure does the pituitary gland sit in?

A

-Sella turcica

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14
Q

What does the posterior pituitary receive?

A
  • Oxytocin

- ADH

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15
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

-Stimulate milk production

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16
Q

What does TSH do?

A

-Stimulate the thyroid gland to release its hormones

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17
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • Stimulates estrogen production and maturation of the ova

- Males it stimulates sperm production

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18
Q

What does GH do?

A

-Stimulates increase in size of muscles and bones

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19
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • Simulates ovulation in females and estrogen production

- Stimulates production of testosterone in males

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20
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Stimulate kidneys to conserve water

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21
Q

What is general stress syndrome caued by?

A

-Release of hormones

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22
Q

Is causes acromegaly?

A

-Increased productions of the GH or a tumor

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23
Q

How can you treat acromegaly?

A

-Medications to decrease GH production

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24
Q

What disease is associated with graves disease?

A

-Toxic goiter

25
Q

What can head trauma lead to?

A

-Diabetes insipidus

26
Q

What causes dwarfism?

A

-Underproduction of GH

27
Q

What type of diabetes is decreased or absent production of insulin by the pancreas?

A

-Type I

28
Q

What are the three P’s of signs of Diabetes mellitus?

A
  • Polyuria
  • Polydispia (great thirst)
  • Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
29
Q

What two things are you worried about if someone has diabetes?

A
  • Poor wound healing

- Infection

30
Q

If you body cannot use glucose because your diabetic what can than lead to?

A

-Diabetic Ketoacidosis because the body has to use the muscle and fat to create energy

31
Q

What can occur with hyperinsulinism?

A

-Insulin shock

32
Q

What should a normal blood glucose be?

A

Under 110 mg/dl and a fasting HbA1C less than 6

33
Q

What is blood glucose for a diabetic?

A
  • greater than 12-mg/dl

- HbA1C greater than 6-8

34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Insulin dosing and no food
  • Moist skin and drooling
  • Strong pulse
  • Tremors and convulsions
35
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?

A
  • Gradual onset, no insulin, food
  • Dry skin, thirst, abdominal pain
  • Deep respirations
36
Q

If a person has a finger stick glucose of 205 mg/dl what does that correlate to for an Hba1c?

A

-8

37
Q

What do you do for treatment for someone who has hypoglycemia?

A

-Oral carbohydrate under tongue

38
Q

What are the major hormones formed from the thyroid?

A
  • T3 and T4

- Calcitonin

39
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

-Lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts

40
Q

What does PTH do?

A

-Raise the blood calcium by activating osteoclasts

41
Q

If you have congenital hypothyroidism what is that known as in children?

A

-Cretinism

42
Q

What can hyperthyroidism have associated with it?

A
  • High heart rate

- Hypertension

43
Q

What three things are associated with Graves disease?

A
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Thyroid storm
44
Q

What causes an endemic goiter?

A
  • Iodine deficiency

- No TH synthesis

45
Q

What can cause Myxedema?

A
  • Removal of the thyroid gland
  • Neck radiation
  • Treatments and obesity
46
Q

What causes graves disease?

A

-Over production of thyroid hormones

47
Q

What are the signs of graves disease?

A
  • Exophtalmos

- Goiter

48
Q

If you have a hypoparathyroid disease what does that mean to your calcium levels?

A

-Hypocalcemia

49
Q

If you have a hyperparathyroid disease what does that mean to your calcium levels?

A

-Excess PTH secretion = high calcium

50
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

-Catechalamines

51
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A
  • Aldosterone

- Cortisol

52
Q

What is cushing syndrome?

A
  • Excess cortical secretion
  • Causes hyperglycemia
  • Appears as buffalo hump and moon face
53
Q

What is adrenogenital syndrome?

A
  • Adrenal androgen hypersecretion accompanies cushing syndrome
  • Causes enlargement of external sexual organs
54
Q

What causes Cushings disease?

A
  • Long term use of steroids

- Excessive production of ACTH

55
Q

What hormones are made in the adrenal medulla?

A
  • Epinephrine

- Norepinephrine

56
Q

If a patient has a tumor near their kidney (adrenal gland) and the blood pressure is 200/120 what might you be thinking?

A

-Cushings disease

57
Q

What causes Addisons disease?

A
  • Unknown but may be due to cancer or an autoimmune dysfunction
  • Due to destruction of adrenal cortex
58
Q

What do you use to treat addisons disease?

A

-Corticosteroids (helps withstand stress)

Oral surgery 2020 (14 decks)

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