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Oral surgery 2020 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What components do you find in plasma?

A
  • Proteins
  • Water
  • Other solutes
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2
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A
  • Platelets
  • Leukocytes
  • Erythrocytes
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3
Q

What does a neutrophil do?

A
  • Phagocytosis

- Early phase of inflammation

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4
Q

What does an eosinophil do?

A
  • Pagocytosis

- Parasitic infections

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5
Q

What does a basophil do?

A
  • Inflammatory response

- Allergic response

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6
Q

What does a lymphocyte do?

A
  • Cellular

- Humoral immune response

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7
Q

What does a monocyte do?

A
  • Phagocytosis

- Cellular immune response

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8
Q

What must the platelet count be for surgery?

A

-Greater than 50,000

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9
Q

What is hematocrit?

A
  • Number of red blood cells

- Size of red blood cells

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10
Q

What is a normal platelet count?

A

-150,000-400,000

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11
Q

What is anemia?

A
  • Is a reduction in the number of RBCs
  • The quantity of hemoglobin
  • Volume of RBCs
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12
Q

What are three main groups of why people would be anemic?

A
  • Blood loss
  • Decreased production of erythrocytes
  • Increased destruction of erythrocytes
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13
Q

What is Iron-Deficiency anemia known as?

A

-Hypochromic microcytic

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14
Q

What causes hypochromic microcytic anemia?

A
  • Inadequate dietary intake
  • Malabsorption
  • Blood loss
  • Hemolysis
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15
Q

What is the most common clinical manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia?

A
  • Pallor
  • Inflammation of the tongue
  • Cheilitis
  • Sensitivity to cold
  • Weakness and fatigue
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16
Q

What is the etiology of Thalassemia?

A

-Autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin

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17
Q

What is characterized by large RBCs which are fragile and easily destroyed?

A

-Megaloblastic anemia

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18
Q

What are some common forms of megaloblastic anemia?

A
  • Cobalamin deficiency

- Folic acid deficiency

19
Q

What can folic acid deficiency cause?

A

-Megaloblastic anemia

20
Q

What is folic acid required for?

A

-RBC formation and maturation

21
Q

What causes folic acid deficiency?

A
  • Poor dietary intake
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Hemodialysis
22
Q

What is Cobalamin deficiency?

A

-Pernicious anemia (caused by vitamin B12 deficiency)

23
Q

What is required for cobalamin absorption?

A

-Intrinsic Factor

24
Q

What is the Schilling test?

A

-A medical investigation used for patients with vitamin B12 deficiency

25
Q

What is the purpose of the Schilling test?

A

-To determine if the patient has pernicious anemia

26
Q

What is the second most common cause of anemia?

A

-Normochromic normocytic

27
Q

What are the causes of normochromic normocytic anemia?

A
  • Impaired renal function
  • Chronic inflammatory, infectious or malignant disease
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Folic acid deficiencies
  • Splenomegaly
  • Hepatitis
28
Q

What is the most common cause of anemia?

A

-Iron deficiency anemia

29
Q

What are the causes of cobalamin deficiency?

A
  • Gastric mucosa not secreting IF
  • GI surgery loss of IF-secreting gastric mucosal cells
  • Long term use of H2 histamine receptor blockers
  • Atrophy and loss of mucosa
  • Nutritional deficiency
  • Hereditary defects of cobalamin utilization
30
Q

What is aplastic anemia characterized by?

A

-Pancytopenia

31
Q

What is pancytopenia that deals with aplastic anemia?

A

-Decrease of all blood cell types

32
Q

What is acute blood loss?

A

-Result of sudden hemorrhage

33
Q

What is chronic blood loss?

A
  • Similar to iron deficiency anemia

- GI bleeding, hemorrhoids, menstrual blood loss

34
Q

What are some examples of hemolytic anemia?

A
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Acquired hemolytic anemia
  • Hemochromatosis
35
Q

What is intrinsic hemolytic anemia?

A
  • Abnormal hemoglobin
  • Enzyme deficiencies
  • RBC membrane abnormalities
36
Q

What is extrinsic hemolytic anemia?

A
  • Normal RBCs

- Damaged by external factors (Liver spleen toxins,)

37
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

-Overproduction of red blood cells

38
Q

What are some symptoms of thrombocytopenia?

A
  • Bruising
  • Nosebleeds
  • Petechiae
39
Q

What are the types of thrombocytopenia?

A

-Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
.abnormal destruction of circulating platelets
.autoimmune disorder
.Destroyed in hosts spleen by macrophages
-Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

40
Q

What are the treatments for thrombocytopenia?

A
  • Based on cause
  • Corticosteroids
  • Plasmaphoresis
  • Splenectomy
  • Platelet transfusion
41
Q

What would you do for a workup for treatment of bleeding dyscrasia?

A
  • CBC
  • PT (extrinsic)
  • PTT (intrinsic)
  • Hemogloin types
42
Q

What is the INR?

A

Prothrombin time from the patient/prothrombin time calculated at that specific lab

43
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Cobalamin Deficiency?

A
  • General symptoms of anemia
  • Sore tongue
  • Anorexia
  • Weakness
  • Paresthesias of the feet and hands
  • Altered though process

Oral surgery 2020 (14 decks)

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