Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems 1 Respiration (ME2508) > Respiratory 6 & 7 > Flashcards

Respiratory 6 & 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What quantity of oxygen is able to dissolve per litre of plasma?

A

3ml of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the oxygen capacity per litre when utilising haemoglobin?

A

200ml/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported?

A

In the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false:

The arterial partial pressure of oxygen is the same as arterial oxygen content.

A

False.
Arterial partial pressure of oxygen refers only to the oxygen in solution, without taking into account the oxygen bound to haemolgobin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which two factors determine the arterial partial pressure of oxygen?

A
  • oxygen solubility

- the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen driving the oxygen into solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the usual arterial partial pressure of oxygen?

A

100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the usual alveolar partial pressure of oxygen?

A

100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of arterial oxygen is extracted by peripheral tissues at rest?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the binding relationship of oxygen and haemoglobin.

A
  • co-operative
    As one oxygen molecule binds, the conformational change leads to an increased affinity for oxygen.
    The converse is also true.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the term for the process of adding oxygen to haemoglobin?

A

Oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give a difference between oxygenation and oxidation.

A

Oxygenation is not as long lasting or chemically changing as oxidation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which form of haemoglobin is most abundant?

A

HbA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which three forms of haemoglobin contribute to 8% of the bodies haemoglobin content?

A
  • HbA2
  • Foetal haemoglobin (HbF)
  • Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA (1a,1b and 1c) )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two types of chains does HbA contain?

A
  • alpha

- beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What two types of chains does HbA2 contain?

A
  • alpha

- delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two types of chains does HbF contain?

A
  • alpha

- gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is glycosylated haemoglobin useful in diabetic patient reviews?

A

It can indicate the exposure of red blood cells to glucose over the lifespan of the haemoglobin (three months).

18
Q

What is the major determinant of haemoglobin saturation?

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.

As partial pressure increases, haemoglobin saturation increases.

19
Q

What is the total contact time between the alveoli and the haemoglobin?

A

Approximately 0.75s

20
Q

What is the steep slope of the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve contributed to?

A

The co-operativity of oxygen.

21
Q

Does adult or foetal haemoglobin have the greatest affinity for oxygen? Explain your answer.

A

Foetal haemoglobin

This allows oxygen for the foetus to be extracted from maternal blood.

22
Q

Which region of partial pressure of oxygen is termed the ‘death zone’?

A

0 - 28mmHg

23
Q

Briefly define anaemia.

A

Any condition where the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is compromised

24
Q

Is it possible to have a normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen and have a low total blood oxygen content?

A

Yes.

It is not possible however to have a low arterial partial pressure of oxygen and a normal total blood oxygen content.

25
Q

What are the four main chemical factors that alter haemoglobin affinity for oxygen?

A
  • pH
  • temperature
  • partial pressure of carbon dioxide
  • diphosphoglycerate concentration
26
Q

What would a decrease in pH mean for haemoglobin affinity?

A

It would decrease.

27
Q

What would an increase in temperature mean for haemoglobin affinity?

A

It would decrease.

28
Q

What would a decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide mean for haemoglobin affinity?

A

It would increase.

29
Q

What would a decrease in DPG concentration mean for haemoglobin affinity?

A

It would increase.

30
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

Any shift to the right of the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve.

31
Q

How many times greater is the affinity of haemolgobin for carbon monoxide compared to that of oxygen?

A

250 times greater!

32
Q

List the symptoms of CO poisoning.

A
  • hypoxia
  • anaemia
  • nausea
  • headaches
  • cherry red skin and mucous membranes
  • brain damage
  • death
33
Q

Briefly define hypoxia.

A

Inadequate supply of oxygen to the tissues.

34
Q

List the five main cause of hypoxia.

A
  • hypoxic hypoxia
  • anaemic hypoxia
  • ischaemic (stagnant) hypoxia
  • histotoxic hypoxia
  • metabolic hypoxia
35
Q

What cause of hypoxia would be characterised by a reduction in oxygen diffusion at the lungs either due to decreased atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen or tissue pathology?

A

Hypoxic hypoxia

This is the most common cause of hypoxia.

36
Q

Describe the causes of anaemic hypoxia.

A
  • reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to anaemia
37
Q

What cause of hypoxia is characterised by heart disease resulting in inefficient pumping of blood to the lungs and around the body?

A

Ischaemic (stagnant) hypoxia

38
Q

Describe the causes of histotoxic anaemia.

A
  • poisoning prevents cells utilising oxygen delivered to them
39
Q

Describe the causes of metabolic anaemia.

A

Oxygen delivery to the tissues does not meet increased oxygen demand by cells.

40
Q

Why is the pH of the body normal stable?

A

All the carbon dioxide produced is eliminated in expired air.

41
Q

What affect would hypoventilation have upon pH levels?

A
  • there would be carbon dioxide retention
  • leading to increased number of hydrogen ions
  • causing respiratory acidosis
42
Q

What affect would hyperventilaton have upon pH levels?

A
  • there would be a ‘blowing off’ of carbon dioxide
  • leading to a decrease in the number of hydrogen ions
  • causing respiratory alkalosis

Systems 1 Respiration (ME2508) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions