Respiratory 1 Flashcards
List the functions of the respiratory system.
- gas exchange
- acid base balance
- protection from infection
- communication via speech
Why is breathing important?
To obtain oxygen for the body’s cells to undergo respiration.
To dispel carbon dioxide that is produced as a by-product
What is another name given to cellular respiration?
Internal respiration
What is referred to as external respiration?
The bulk movement of gases.
Why does the respiratory system rely on the systemic system?
For the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.
What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?
Deoxygenated
Fill the blank.
Pulmonary circulation is _______ from systemic circulation.
opposite
In which direction do arteries and veins travel?
Arteries travel away from the heart.
Vein travel towards the heart.
What is a ‘normal’ breathing rate?
10-20 breaths/min
What breathing rate would you expect at maximum exercise?
40-45 breaths/min
Name the components of the respiratory system.
- nose
- pharynx
- epiglottis
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchus
- lungs
What structures are found in the upper respiratory tract?
- nose
- pharynx
- epiglottis
- larynx
What structures are found in the lower respiratory tract?
- trachea
- bronchus
- lungs
What name is given to the fissure separating the superior and inferior lobes of the lungs?
Oblique fissure
What does the horizontal fissure separate?
The superior and medial lobe of the right lung.
Which of the primary bronchi has the most acute angle from the trachea?
The left primary bronchus.
In which bronchus is there most likely to be a blockage?
The right primary bronchus.
What is the function of the cartilaginous rings of the trachea?
To maintain a patent airway (open and unobstructed).
What maintains patency in the bronchioles?
Physical forces in the thorax.
Would the greatest resistance to airflow be found in the trachea or the bronchioles?
In the trachea, as larger structure will contain more molecules.
How will contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle affect airflow resistance?
Contraction will decrease the diameter an therefore increase resistance.
Describe alveolar type I cells.
- thin cells that allow gas exchange
- directly in contact with capillaries
- simple squamous epithelium
Describe alveolar type II cells.
- produce surfactant
- helps to make the work of breathing easier
What is another name used to refer to alveolar cells?
Pneumocytes
