Respiratory Flashcards
Asthma treatment pathway
- Beta-2 agaonist - Salbutamol with Spacer
- Inhaled corticosterid - Beclametasone, Fluticasone
- Long Acting Beta-2 agonist - Salmetrol, Foroterol
- Oral Corticosteroid - Oral Prednisalone
SEVERE - IV Aminophylline
Treatment for community acquired Pneumonia
Amoxicillin
Treatment for community acquired Pneummonia. Patient is allergic to Penicillin
Doxycycline, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
Treatment for Pseudominas infection
Ciprofloxacin.
If severe IV Gentamicin
Pneumonia from Birds
Chlamydia Psittaci (Treatment is Tetracycline)
Pneumonia from Sheep/Goats
Coxiella Burnetti
Pneumonia linked to HIV
Pneumocystis carinii (Treatment is co-trimoazole)
Hospital acquired Pneumonia treatment
Ceftazidime
Standard causes of Pneumonia:
- Elderly, Pneumonia after influenza infection?
- Elderly, Headache, Anaemia, Skin rash. Cold agglutins detected in blood?
- Young, flu-like symptoms a week ago, hyponatraemia, lymphopenia?
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
- Legionella (often from water)
Common conditions:
1. Young, productive cough, clubbed, bilateral coarse crackles
- Cystic fibrosis
- Presents with Weight loss, cough, haemoptysis
- Carcinoma
- Cough producing pink, frothy sputum, tachycardic, bibasal end-inspiratory crackles. Raised JVP.
- Pulmonary Oedema
- Fever, shortness of breath, right sided chest pain, Right side of chest has reduced expansion.
Pneumonia
- Farmer, several hours after starting work
Allergic alveolitis
Treatment for COPD
- Oral Salbutamol (or anticholinergic i.e Ipratropium, Tiotropium)
- Aminophylline
Asthma
FEV1 decreased, PEFR decreased
COPD
FEV1 decreased, FVC decreased, PEF decreased, FEV/FVC decreased
Asthma
Eosinophilic airway inflammation
COPD
Neutrophilic inflammation
Sarcoidosis
Non-caseating Granuloma formation
Treated with corticosteroids
Cancer
Uncontrolled proliferation of epithelial cells
Which Nerve supplies the lungs
Phrenic Nerve
How many lobes does the right lung have
3
How many lobes does the left lung have
2
Sarcoidosis symptoms
Fatigue, Joint pain, Weight loss, Tnder nodules on shins
What is the name of the stain used for TB
Ziehl-Neelsen (Acid-fast bacilli present)
Differentiate between Type 1 and 2 Respiratory Failure
Measure arterial blood gas
- type 1 - Low O2, Normal CO2
- type 2 (Low O2, Low CO2)
Differentiate between COPD and Asthma
Spirometry
-allows you to work out FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC
Differentiate between Mild and Moderate community acquired pneumonia
CURB Score
Confusion, Urea, Resp rate,BP and age
Rate of chest compressions in Respiratory arrest
10 per minute
