Cardiovascular

Question 1

Cardiac output =

Answer 1

Stroke volume x HR

Question 2

Normal HR

Answer 2

60-100 bpm

Question 3

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 3

Shouldn’t exceed 140 mm HG

1st Korotkoff sound

Question 4

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 4

Shouldn’t exceed 90 mm HG

5th Korotkoff sound

Question 5

P

Answer 5

Atrial depolarisation

Question 6

QRS

Answer 6

Ventricular depolarisation

Question 7

CPR

Answer 7

30 compressions, 2 breaths
Centre of chest
Only stop if signs of life

Question 8

V2-5

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

II, III, aVF

Answer 9

Inferior

Question 10

I, V4-6, aVL

Answer 10

Anterolateral

Question 11

Shock Procedure

Answer 11

1. Shock
2. CPR (for 2 mins)
   Repeat. Adrenaline every other shock

Question 12

Blood flow

Answer 12

• Directly proportional to blood viscosity and vessel length

- Inversely proportional to radius of vessel to power of 4

Question 13

MAP=

Answer 13

Diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic - diastolic pressure)

Question 14

Which two arrhythmias are shokable

Answer 14

Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular fibrillation

Question 15

Heart block where PR interval is prolonged

Answer 15

First degree heart block

Question 16

Heart block where PR intervals progressively increase till a QRS is missed

Answer 16

Second degree heart block - Mobitz type 1

Question 17

Heart block where there are multiple P waves for each QRS

Answer 17

Second degree heart block - Mobitz type 2

Question 18

Heart block where there is no relation between P and QRS segments

Answer 18

Complete heart block

Question 19

A blood pressure over 140/90 mmHG requires what

Answer 19

Ambulatory monitoring

Question 20

A blood pressure over 180/110 mmHG requires what

Answer 20

Immediate treatment

Question 21

An irregularly irregular pulse signifies

Answer 21

Atrial fibrillation

Question 22

A slow-rising pulse signifies

Answer 22

Aortic stenosis

Question 23

A collapsing pulse signifies

Answer 23

Aortic regurgitation

Question 24

1. Early diastolic murmur and wide pulse pressure
2. Mid diastolic and Malar flush
3. Ejection-Systolic and narrow pulse pressure
4. Pansystolic

Answer 24

1. Aortic regurgitation
2. Mitral stenosis
3. Aortic stenosis
4. Mitral regurgitation

Question 25

Roth's spots (retinal haemorrhage), Osler's nodes (swellings on fingers and toes)

Answer 25

Infective endocarditis

Question 26

Chest pain after exertion

Answer 26

Angina

Question 27

Treatment for Angina

Answer 27

GTN spray

Question 28

Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 28

Digoxin

Question 29

Treatment for Persistent atrial fibrillation

Answer 29

Shock

Question 30

Treatment for ventricular tachycardia

Answer 30

Amiodarone

Question 31

Treatment for bradycardia

Answer 31

Atropine

Question 32

Treatment for Supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 32

Valsalva manoeuvre | then IV adenosine/verapmil

Question 33

Treatment for hypertension

Answer 33

A (-pril) or C (if >55yrs or black) A+C A+C+D Add beta blocker (-sartan)

Question 34

Treatment for MI

Answer 34

``` diMorphine O2 (if O2<94%) Nitrates Aspirin Cloipidogrel/prasugrel Percutaneous coronary investigation (PCI) ```

Question 35

Young patient, Collapses during exercise?

Answer 35

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy