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Med year 1 > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Beauchamp & Childress’ Principles

A

Autonomy (free will)
Beneficence (good for others)
Non-Maleficence (do no harm)
Justice (fair distribution of benefits/risks/costs)

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2
Q

What is a conceptus

A

Fertilisation to 3 weeks

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3
Q

What is a Embryo

A

4 to 8 weeks

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4
Q

What is a foetus

A

Week 9 to birth

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5
Q

Gameotogenesis?

A

Formation of Germ cells

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6
Q

Fertilisation?

A

Formation of Zygote

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7
Q

Cleavage?

A

Rapid cell division

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8
Q

Gastrulation?

A

Formation of germ layers

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9
Q

Morphogenetic

A

Folding of embryo

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10
Q

Ectoderm

A

Produces skin and nervous system

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11
Q

Mesoderm

A

Produces organs

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12
Q

Endoderm

A

Produces lining of gut & lung bud

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13
Q

Cell cycle?

A 
G0 - Cells resting
G1 - cells ready to replicate
S phase - Replication
G2 - growth
M phase - Mitosis
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14
Q

Variation caused by:

A

Crossing over

Segregation of homologous chromosomes

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15
Q

Meiosis

A

1 diploid to 4 haploids

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16
Q

Metacentric chromosome

A

Both arms same length

17
Q

Chromosome is Acrocentic

A

P arm difficult to see

18
Q

Chromosome is telocentric

A

Centromere at terminal end

19
Q

Aneuploudy

A

Monosomy - chromosome missing

Trisomy - additional chromosome

20
Q

Monosomy of sex chromosomes

A

Turners syndrome

21
Q

Trisomy of chromosome 21

A

Down’s

22
Q

FISH?

A

Prove that applies fluorescent stain making chromosome visible

23
Q

Autosomal dominant

A

1 faulty copy required, 50% chance of inheritance

24
Q

Autosomal recessive

A

2 faulty copies required, 25% chance of inheritance

25
Q

Mitochondrial

A

Disease passed from mother

26
Q

Oncogenes

A

Promote cell division

27
Q

Tumour suppression genes

A

Inhibit cell division

28
Q

Gram +ve stain:

A

Purple (due to thick peptidoglycan layer)

29
Q

Gram -be stain:

A

Pink (due to thin peptidoglycan layer)

30
Q

Exotoxins

A

Produced by gram +ve

31
Q

Endotoxins

A

Produced by gram -ve

32
Q

Streptococci

A

Gram +ve chains

33
Q

Staphylococci

A

Gram +ve clusters

34
Q

Classifying different streptococci

A

Haemolytic test
Alpha (partial) - strep. Pneumoniae, viridans
Beta (full) - Group A and B
Gamma (none) - enterococcus

35
Q

Left shift oxyhaemoglobin curve

A

Reduced 2,3 DPG, Hypo…., alkalosis, CO poisoning

36
Q

Right shift oxyhaemoglobin curve

A

Hyper…. acidosis, sickle cell didease

Med year 1 (4 decks)

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