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1st Year Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull percussion

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right-sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Pneumonia usually

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3
Q

ABCDE of pulmonary oedema?

A

Alveolar bats-wing shadows

Kerley B lines

Cardiomegaly

Dilated upper lobe vessels

Pleural effusions

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4
Q

CXR:“Ground glass appearance”

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Newborn ARDS

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelson stain is positive for acid-fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

“Caseous necrosis”

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease / Assman focus

A

Secondary TB

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8
Q

Miliary tuberculosis

A

TB spread in the bloodstream

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9
Q

Positive for anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet

A

Chlamydophila psitacci atypical pneumonia

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11
Q

Dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of air conditioning / water spread

A

Legionella pneumoniae atypical pneumonia

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12
Q

Tall, young, thin man +/- drugs with chest pain and breathlessness

A

Pneumothorax

secondary to Marfan’s syndrome

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring bronchioles on CT (“signet ring sign”)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D sign” on CXR

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple sign” on CXR

A

Croup

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17
Q

Child with “barking” cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

HIV patient with pneumonia

(causal organism and treatment)

A

Pneumocystis spp.

Co-trimoxazole

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19
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Aspirin-induced asthma

(Samter’s triad)

20
Q

Alcoholic w/ pneumonia

(mechanism of infection + causal organism)

A

Aspiration

Klebsiella pneumoniae

21
Q

“Red jelly sputum”

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

22
Q

“Mucoid sputum”

A

Chlamydophila psitacci pneumonia

23
Q

“Rusty sputum”

A

Pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) pneumonia

24
Q

Cannonball metastates + weight loss + haematuria

A

Renal carcinoma

25
Q

Morning headache

A

1. Hypercapnia

2. Nitrates

26
Q

Secretes ACTH

Producing Cushing’s syndrome

A

Small cell carcinoma

27
Q

Secretes PTH

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

NEUROENDOCRINE and highly malignant

A

Small cell cancer

29
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

30
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

31
Q

Found in TB, area of infection + caseating necrosis @ lung periphery

A

Ghon focus

32
Q

Apical lesion of secondary TB

A

Assman focus

33
Q

Symptoms of Horner’s syndrome

A

Ptosis (droopy eyelid)

Enophthalmos (sunken eyes)

Miosis (small pupils)

Ipsilateral loss of sweating

34
Q

Acute management of asthma

A

OSHIT MAN:

Oxygen

Salbutamol NEB

Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO

Ipratropium NEB

Theophylline or aminophylline IV

Magnesium

get help!

35
Q

“Thumbprint sign” on HXR

A

Epiglottitis

36
Q

Inspiratory whoop / barking cough

A

Pertussis

37
Q

“Snow storm” appearance on CXR

A

Baritosis

Silicosis

38
Q

Management of acute exacerbation of COPD

A

ISOAP:

Ipratropium

Salbutamol

Oxygen

Amoxicillin

Prednisolone

39
Q

Non-smoker with lung cancer

A

PERIPHERAL adenocarcinoma

40
Q

Position of squamous and small cell cancers

A

CENTRAL

41
Q

High D-dimers

A

Suspect PE

42
Q

Low D-dimers

A

Exclude PE

43
Q

Treatment for large PE

A

Thrombolysis (e.g streptokinase)

44
Q

Treatment for small PE

A

LMWH

45
Q

TB treatment regime

A

2 RIPE 4 RI:

2 months of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol

then 4 months of rifampicin and isoniazid

46
Q

TB drug side effects

A

Rifampicin - orange bodily fluids

Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy (tingling)

Pyrazinamide - joint pain

Ethambutol - vision problems

1st Year Buzzwords (8 decks)

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