Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Side effect: gingival hypertrophy
Calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, felodipine, diltiazem, verapamil)
“Bird beak appearance”, distended oesophagus
Achalasia
Grey Turner’s sign
Cullen’s sign
(lumbar / umbilical redness)
Acute pancreatitis
Causes of acute pancreatitis
GET SMASHED:
- Gallstones
- Ethanol
- Trauma
- Steroids
- Mumps
- Autoimmune
- Scorpion stings
- Hyperlipidaemia
- ERCP
- Drugs
Murphy’s sign positive
Cholecystitis / cholangitis
Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain
Bile duct obstruction
Abdominal distension, caput medusae and shifting dullness
Portal hypertension + ascities
i.e cirrhosis
Pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum
IBD (Crohn’s and UC respectively)
“Tinkling bowel sounds”
Small bowel obstruction
Vesicular rash + weight loss
Coeliac disease
Virchow’s node (left supraclavicular)
Gastric cancer
Urease breath test
Helicobacter pylori
“Rice water” stools
Cholera
Antimitochondrial antibodies
Primary biliary cholangitis
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies
Autoimmune hepatitis
Alpha fetoprotein / AFP assay
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cobblestone mucosa
Crohn’s disease
Diuretic used for ascites secondary to cirrhosis
Spironolactone
“Corkscrew oesophagus” on barium swallow
Oesophageal spasm
Severe abdominal pain + nausea and vomiting after raw milk
Camplyobacter jejuni gastroenteritis
Russel’s sign
(acid erosion of the knuckles)
Self-induced vomiting
Mallory’s hyaline bodies
Acute / chronic hepatitis
Crypt abscesses / cryptitis
Ulcerative colitis
“Onion-skin fibrosis”, beading of the bile ducts
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
“Signet ring cells” on biopsy
Gastric cancer
Dilated colon with loss of features on AXR
Bacterial overgrowth –> toxic megacolon
Charcot’s triad of ascending cholangitis
Fever
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
