Respiratory Flashcards
Examples of Beta 2 Agonists
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Mechanism of Action of beta 2 agonists
Bind to and agonise Beta 2 Rceeptors in the airways, GI tract, uterus and blood vessels = dilation and relaxation.
Also increase activity of Na/K/ATPase pump so move K into intracellular environment
Indications for use of beta 2 agonists
- Asthma
- COPD
- Hyperkalemia (as an adjunct)
Side effects of bETA 2 AGONISTS
Signs of fight or flight:
Tremor
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Palps
Examples of antiuscuranics drugs
Titropium
Ipratopium
Mechanism of action of antimuscuranic drugs
Bind to the muscuranic receptor and so blocks the binding of ACh
Results in fight or fight responses at various sites:
- dilation of pupils
- reduce smooth muscle tone
- reduce secretions from glands in resp/GI tract
Indications for use of antimuscuranic drugs
- COPD
- Asthma (adjunct with SABA)
- Dilating pupil
Contraindications for the use of antimuscuranic agents
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Side effects of antimuscuranic agents
Dry mouth
Examples of mucolytics
Carbocysteine
Mechanism of action of mucolytics
Reduced goblet cell hyperplasia
Indications for use of a mucolytic
In conditions where these is a need to reduce the sputum viscosity
Contraindications of mucolytics
Peptic ulcer disease
Side effects of mucolytics
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
GI bleeding
Theophylines mechanism of action
Competitively inhibits type III and IV PDE which brings about bronchodilaton
Reduces airway responsiveness to histamine and allergens
Indications for use of theophyllines
COPD
Asthma
Contraindications of theophylline
Caution in use in patients with cardiac disease
Side effects of theophylline
Nausea tachycardia headache GI irritation Diarrhoea
Indications for the use of oxygen
Hypoxaemia
Pneumothorax
CO poisoning
Mechanism of action of oxygen
Delivers more O2 to tissues
Forces N to be more readily released in pneumothorax
Competitively binds for haemoglobin
Side effects of oxygen
dry mouth
Contraindications for the use of oxygen
T2RF
Which of the following is long acting and short acting
Tiatropium
Ipratropium
Tiatropium: short acting
Ipratropium: long acting
