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YR3 Therapeutics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of antiemetics

A

Domperidone

Metoclopramide

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of antiemetics

A

Blocks D2 Receptor = pro kinetic effect

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3
Q

Indications for use of antiemetics

A

Prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting mainly due to reduced gastric motility

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4
Q

Contraindications of antiemetics

A

Children and young adults as the side effects are more common. Try and avoid

Do not use in: GI obstruction or perforation

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5
Q

Side effects of antiemetics

A

Domperiodone: Diarrhoea
Metoclopramide: Extrapyramidal symptoms (movement abnormalities)

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6
Q

Mesalazine and sulfazaline are examples of what type of drug?

A

Aminosalicylates

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7
Q

Active compound in aminosalicylates

A

5-ASA

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8
Q

Indications for use of aminosalicylates

A
  1. UC: mesalazine is 1st line treatment

2. RA: Sulfazaline as combo therapy

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9
Q

Which aminosalicylate is a DMARD

A

Sulfazaline

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10
Q

Side effects of aminosalicylates

A 
GI disturbances
Headache
Blood disorders
Renal impairment 
Reduction in sperm production
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11
Q

Contraindications in aminosalicylates

A

Aspirin sensitivity

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12
Q

Interactions with mesalazine

A

Any drug which changes pH may uncoat the drug before it hits the target area

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13
Q

What should patients be told to look out for when on an aminosalicylate

A

Changes indicative of blood disorders i.e. bruising, bleeding, skin changes

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14
Q

Which antidiarrhoeal drug should be prescribed when no alagesia is required?

A

Loperamide

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15
Q

Examples of antidiarrhoeal drugs other than loperamide

A

Codeine phosphate

Atropine

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of loperamide

A

Acts on opioid receptors to increase non propulsive movement but reduce peristaltic movement

Results in slower transit of the bowel contents and more time for water to be absorbed. Also increases anal sphincter tone

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17
Q

Indications for use of loperamide

A

Diarrhoea treatment when non pharmacological methods don’t work or in IBS

18
Q

Side effects of loperamide

A

GI disturbance related to the mechanism

Risk of opioid toxicity

19
Q

Contraindications of antidiarrhoeals

A
  1. C. diff
  2. Dysentery
  3. UC
20
Q

Mechanism of action of PPIs

A

Inhibit the H+/K+ATPase pump in gastric cells

21
Q

Indictions for use of PPIs

A
  1. Relief of dyspepsia
  2. H. pylori eradication in combination with Abx
  3. PUD
  4. GORD
22
Q

Contraindications of use of PPIs

A
  1. Check red flags for cancer before and during the treatment
  2. Increase fracture risk
23
Q

Side effects of PPIs

A
  1. GI Disturbance
  2. Headache
  3. Hypomagnesamia
24
Q

Which PPIs should be prescribed with clopidogrel

A

NOT Omeprazole

25
Q

Examples of antacids

A

KOH + MgCO3
Sodium alginate + KHCO3
CaCO3

26
Q

Mechanism of action of antacids

A
  1. Antacid part of the nomination therapy buffers stomach acid
  2. Alginate part increases viscosity of stomach acid and creates a barrier raft
27
Q

Indications for use of antacids

A
  1. GORD to provide symptomatic relief

2. Dyspepsia to provide temporary relief

28
Q

Contraindications of antacid use

A

Don’t give to those taking thickened preparations as it can cause abdominal discomfort

29
Q

Interactions of antacids

A

Dication action can interfere with actions of:

  1. Abx
  2. Bisphosphonates
  3. Levothyroxine
  4. Digoxin
  5. ACE inhibitors
  6. PPIs

Increase excretion of lithium and aspirin

30
Q

Side effects of Antacids

A

Little
Mg salts can cause diarrhoea
Al salts can cause constipation

31
Q

Examples of laxatives

A

Senna
Glycerol Supp
Docusate Sodium
Mg/K/Na Sulphate

32
Q

Mechanism of action of laxatives

A

1.Promote H20 and electrolyte excretion from the colon which increases volume in the colon and stimulates peristaltic movement

  1. Pro peristaltic movement by different mechanisms:
    - senna is digested and the products are pro kinetic
    - glycerol supps. have a local effect and soften stool
    - docusate does both
33
Q

Indications for use of laxatives

A
  1. Constipation

2. Faecal impaction

34
Q

CIs of laxatives

A

Do not use in patients with a bowel obstruction due to risk of perforation
Avoid supps. in haemorrhoids/anal fissure

35
Q

Side effects of laxatives

A
  1. Abdominal bloating and cramping
  2. Diarrhoea
  3. Prolonged use can lead to pigmentation of the bowel wall
36
Q

Examples of H2 Antagonists

A

Anything ending in -idine:

  • ranitidine
  • famotidine
  • nizatidine
37
Q

Mechanism of action of H2As

A

Block the H2 receptors on gastric cell K/H pumps which is controlled by histamine, and therefore inhibit gastric acid secretion

38
Q

Why are H2As second line treatment of PUD

A

They do not fully inhibit gastric acid secretion because other things can stimulate proton pumps

39
Q

Indications for use of H2As

A
  1. PUD 2nd

2. GORD and dyspepsia for relief of symptoms

40
Q

Cis of H2As

A
  1. They can disguise symptoms of gastric cancer

2. Reduce dose in renal impairment

41
Q

Side effects of H2As

A

Headache
Dizziness
Bowel disturbance

YR3 Therapeutics (8 decks)

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