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SAM I > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Signalment: 12 mo maltese. Client complaint: coughing x 1 wk. Sometimes has yellow nasal discharge. History: same problem at 10 wks of age; 4 months, 6mos, 9 months. Always responds to antibiotics. On heart worth prevention. PE: crackles in cranio-ventral lung field. Can’t elicit cough. What is your diagnosis?

A

Ciliary Dyskinesia

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2
Q

Which treatment(s) would most likely increase the lifespan for a 10 yr old collie diagnosed with nasal adenocarcinoma?

A. Rhinoscopy with curettage and chemo

B. Chemo

C. Surgical debunking with chemo

D. surgical debunking with radiation

E. Chemo and radiation

A

D. surgical debunking with radiation

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3
Q

What is the term to describe, strange breathing characterized by sternal recumbency, abducted elbows and an extended neck with open mouth breathing?

A. Tachypnea

B. Orthopnea

C. Dyspnea

A

B. Orthopnea

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4
Q

Phoebe, a dachshund presents with a nasal discharge, sneezing, stertor, rubbing her face. Where is the lesion most likely?

A. The eye
B. The nose
C. Pharynx
D. Trachea

A

B. The nose

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5
Q

Snoring noise heard on inspiration is called

A. Stridor
B. Stertor
C. Reverse Sneeze
D. Cough

A

B. Stertor

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6
Q

On auscultation of the thorax you hear a high pitch nose on inspiration on inspiration and expiration in the pulmonary fields. What is this called?

A. Snap
B. Crackle
C. Wheeze
D. Normal

A

C. Wheeze

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7
Q

Fido, 6y/o large breed dogs presents with has epistaxis. CBC, Coagulation tests find no abnormalities. Which would have the best chance of diagnosing

A. Rhinoscopy
B. Nasal radiographs
C. Nasal CT
D. Nasal flush

A

C. Nasal CT

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8
Q

A cat has snuffles, you want to get a diagnosis to understand the etiology. What test would you recommend?

A. Nasal rhinoscopy
B. Thoracic radiographs
C. Nasal, ocular swab for PCR
D. Head CT

A

C. Nasal, ocular swab for PCR

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9
Q

A dog has been diagnosed with nasal aspergillosis. There is no evidence of cribriform plate destruction. How would you treat this?

A. Fluconazole for 3 to 4 months
B. Posaconazole for 4 to 6 weeks
C. Enilconazole nasal soak
D. Debridement and local clotrimazole soak

A

D. Debridement and local clotrimazole soak

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10
Q

Cat presents with rhinotracheitis. Shows a nasal discharge, multiple oral ulcerations and has a cough. Which is most likely?

A. Feline Herpes Virus
B. Feline calicivirus
C. Chlamydophila felis
D. Bordetella bronchiseptica

A

B. Feline calicivirus.

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11
Q

True/False: Adenocarcinoma is most common neoplasm in in the dog’s nose.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Adenocarcinoma is common in cat’s nose. Which is other common?

A. SCC
B. Fibroma
C. Lymphoma
D. Sarcoma

A

C. Lymphoma

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13
Q

A 3 year-old Siamese male presents with acute respiratory distress. Minimum data finds no abnormalities. Thoracic radiographs and BAL cytology attached. What is the likely diagnosis.

A. Feline aelurostrongylus

B. Feline idiopathic bronchitis

C. Bacterial pneumonia

D. Cryptococcus pneumonia

A

B. Feline idiopathic bronchitis

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14
Q

Treatment for idiopathic bronchitis initially consists of possible bronchodilators and

A. Parenteral or oral prednisolone

B. MDI corticosteroids

C. Oral prednisolone and MDI corticosteroids

D. Leukotriene antagonists

A

A. Parenteral or oral prednisolone

Explanation: keyword - initially. Always start with parenteral or oral and then once animal is stabilized, move to MDI.

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15
Q

How does a dog get infected with Paragonimus?

A. Eats infected snails
B. Eats freshwater crustaceans.
C. Eats contaminated canine feces
D. Eats transport hosts (birds)

A

B. Eats freshwater crustaceans.

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16
Q

Where is the most likely lesion most likely found in the canine lungs with bacterial pneumonia?

A. Right cranial lung lobe
B. Left Caudal lung lobe
C. Right middle lung lobe
D. Left cranial lung lobe
E. Right caudal lung lobe
F. Right accessary lung lobe

A

C. Right middle lung lobe

Explanation: Vertical bronchi causes things to collect ventrally

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17
Q

Pluto, a dalmatian, from Arizona, present with a harsh dry cough. Radiographs show a pulmonary interstitial pattern. He has a fever, weight loss and a mild lameness. Which fungal disease would you consider?
A. Blastomycosis
B. Histoplasmosis
C. Cryptococcosis
E. Coccidioidomycosis

A

E. Coccidioidomycosis

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18
Q

A dog in the mid western states presents with a chronic cough, fever and lymphadenopathy. You suspect fungal disease. How would you diagnose this? Which one has the highest sensitivity?
A. Urine and blood serology
B. BAL and cytology
C. FNA of the lymph nodes
D. Hematology and biochemistry

A

A. Urine and blood serology

Explanation: Blastomycosis and histo are best identified with these tests. Histo has no specific test but it cross reacts.

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19
Q

A mature dog presents with a chronic cough. Radiographs show a bronchiolar pattern. A BAL reveals non-degenerative neutrophils. Likely diagnosis?
A .Fungal Pneumonia
B. Chronic bonchitis
C. Kennel cough
D. Bacterial pneumonia

A

B. Chronic bonchitis

20
Q

True/False: Amphotericin B - side effect is nephrotoxicity.

A

TRUE

21
Q

True/False: A primary pulmonary neoplasm has a better prognosis than a malignant neoplasm.

A

TRUE

22
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about feline bronchial disease is INCORRECT?

a. The main signs are slowly progressive coughing and/or respiratory distress
b. Radiographic changes are not always present, especially early in the disease
c. When radiographic changes are present, an interstitial pattern (donuts and railway tracks) is usually seen
d. a bronchodilator, especially theophylline, is most widely used as the primary treatment
e. metered dose inhalers may be used if cats are cooperative

A

d. a bronchodilator, especially theophylline, is most widely used as the primary treatment

23
Q

Feline bronchial disease is best diagnosed by

a. Characteristic signalment and clinical signs
b. Ultrasound exam
c. Radiography and bronchoalveolar lavage
d. Characteristic changes in the hemogram and biochemical tests
e. Serology

A

c. Radiography and bronchoalveolar lavage

24
Q

The type of pleural effusion present in a dog is best diagnosed by which one of the following?

a. Careful auscultation
b. Radiographs
c. Ultrasound
d. Pleurocentesis and cytology
e. A full blood count, biochemisty screen and urine analysis

A

d. Pleurocentesis and cytology

25
Q

Which of the following statements about kennel cough/ infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs is INCORRECT?

a. It often occurs as outbreaks in animal shelters
b. Canine parainfluenza virus I, Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine adenovirus 2 may be involved
c. It often presents as a sudden onset of paroxysmal coughing which persists for several days
d. Clinical signs resolve rapidly with antibiotic therapy
e. There are intranasal vaccines available which offer better protection than parenteral vaccines

A

d. Clinical signs resolve rapidly with antibiotic therapy

26
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Large amounts of air must be present in a pneumothorax before signs of severe dyspnea are observed
b. Hypovolemia and anemia are the most common presenting signs in animals with hemothorax
c. Chylous effusion is characterized by the presence of high levels of cholesterol and monocytes
d. Pyothorax is characterized by a high protein effusion containing large numbers of degererating neutrophils
e. A chest drain inserted for a pyothorax should be removed when only small amounts of fluid can be aspirated each hour and the fluid is free of degenerate nuetrophils and bacteria

A

c. Chylous effusion is characterized by the presence of high levels of cholesterol and monocytes

27
Q

Which of the following cause canine epistaxis in the dog?

a. Coagulopathies
b. Hypertension
c. Neoplasia
d. Infections
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

28
Q

Which of the following is the mainstay of treatment in chronic bronchitis?

a. An antibiotic
b. Prednisolone
c. Furosemide
d. Bronchodilator
e. Cough suppressant

A

b. Prednisolone

29
Q

Which statement is INCORRECT?
a. Canine nasal aspergillosis is best treated by anesthetizing the animal and soaking nasal passages with a clotrimazole solution.

b. Squamous cell carcinomas on the noses of cats are best treated with chemotherapy
c. Differential diagnosis for a soft tissue mass on bridge of nose of cat is infection with Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Animal with pulmonary contusions are predisposed to developing severe lung edema with aggressive crystalloid fluid therapy for shock

e. Epistaxis is best controlled by placing the animal in a cool and quiet area and giving sedation if animal is
distressed

A

b. Squamous cell carcinomas on the noses of cats are best treated with chemotherapy

30
Q

Which of the following statements about the control of feline respiratory infections in boarding catteries is INCORRECT?

a. Stress should be minimized to prevent carries of feline herpes from shedding the virus
b. Intranasal provide better protection than parenteral vaccines
c. Cats from different households can be kept together in pens as long as they are of similar age
d. Isolation facilities should be available for cats that show upper respiratory signs while boarding

A

c. Cats from different households can be kept together in pens as long as they are of similar age

31
Q

Which of the following statements about acute rhinitis in cats is INCORRECT?

a. Feline herpes virus infections are often associated with upper respiratory tract signs and corneal lesions
b. Feline calicivirus infections are often associated with upper respiratory signs and oral lesions
c. Chlamydia is usually associated with chemosis
d. Vaccines are very effective at preventing infections with above organisms

A

d. Vaccines are very effective at preventing infections with above organisms

32
Q

Which of the following are paraneoplastic syndromes?

a. Monoclonal gammopathy
b. Cachexia
c. Anemia
d. Thrombocytopenia
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

33
Q

Which of the following statements about chemotherapy is INCORRECT?

a. Sterile hemmorhagic cystitis can be caused by cyclophosphamide
b. Cardiotoxicity can be caused by doxyrubicin
c. Nephrotoxicity can be caused by from cisplatin

d. Vomiting and diarrhea are rare after chemotherapy, and these effects usually require hospitilization and
aggressive fluid and antibiotic therapy

A

d. Vomiting and diarrhea are rare after chemotherapy, and these effects usually require hospitilization and
aggressive fluid and antibiotic therapy

34
Q

Which of the following tumors is not indicated for chemotherapy?

a. General neoplasia
b. Inoperable neoplasia
c. Tumors that have been removed surgically but have a high risk of metastasis
d. Tumors that are more amenable to surgery if they are first shrunken
e. Benign skin tumors

A

e. Benign skin tumors

35
Q

What information do you expect to obtain from a pathologist to whom you submit an excisional biopsy of a tumor?

a. Histological type
b. Is it benign or malignant
c. Grade of tumor
d. Are there clean edges?
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

36
Q

A dog presents with chylothorax. There are no other abnormalities found upon examination. What is the most likely etiology?

A

Idiopathic

37
Q

What would you expect to hear on auscultation in a patient with pleural effusion?

A

Dorsal Lung sounds, Ventral muffled heart sounds

38
Q

An 18 month cat presents sneezing, ulcerative ketatitis, punctuate ulcers. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

feline herpes virus

39
Q

A 3yo Springer Spaniel presents sneezing, unilateral epistaxis, ALT ALP elevated. You diagnose Aspergillosis. The patient has no cribriform or nasal turbunate damage. What would the best treatment be?

A

Rhinoscopy to remove the fungal plaques and clotrimazole flush

40
Q

Dog presents with goose honking cough, paroxymal cough .What would be the best way to diagnose what is happening?

A

Bronchoscopy

41
Q

A dog with chronic cough and intermittent exercises intolerance with non-degenerative neutrophils and bronchial pattern. What treatment you start?

A

Prednisolone Once Daily

42
Q

A cat with intermittent cough and hyperinflation of the lung with interstitial pattern and eosinophils and neutrophils. What treatment you use?

A

Oral Prednisolone

43
Q

A dog presents with Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia. What lung lobe is most commonly affected?

A

Right middle lung lobe.

44
Q

A dog in New Mexico has a dry harsh cough and hilar lymphadenopathy. What fungal disease is most likely to be?

A

Coccidiomycosis

45
Q

What is the most sensitive test to diagnose blastomycosis?

A

ELISA

46
Q

A Syberian Husky on heartworm prevention presents with a persistent harsh cough also induced with tracheal palpation. Rads show multifocal alveolar pattern with alveolar infiltrations. What is the most likely diagnosis and what would you do to confirm this?

A

Do bronchoscopy and cytology to dx eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy

SAM I (6 decks)

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