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Body logistics-Alaa > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the components of Respiratory System (exterior to interior)

A
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2
Q

anatomy of lungs

A
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3
Q

Respiratory Airways of the Head and Neck (anatomy)

A
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4
Q

how can u locate the 2nd rib? & why is the inferior aspect of each lung is curved upwards?

A
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5
Q

describe the shape of the diaphragm

A
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6
Q

what types of membranes does the respiratory system contain?

A
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7
Q

what things can the pleural cavity be filled with? & what is the term for each?

A

Air - (pneumothorax)
Blood - (haemothorax)
Pus - (empyema)
A watery transudate or exudate (pleural effusion)

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8
Q

if a patient has pneumothorax, how can u drain the fluid? (presise location) why is the location crcuial in this situation?

A

inserting a wide-bore needle through an intercostal space (usually the 7th posteriorly)

Below the 7th intercostal space there is a danger of penetrating the diaphragm.

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9
Q

how is cancer of the lung related to the diaphragm?

A

PHRENIC NERVE!

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10
Q

describe the error occured here?

A
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11
Q

what can cancer in the apex of the lung cause?

A
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12
Q

what is a pancoast tumor?

A

Tumor in the APEX of the LUNG

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13
Q

A pancoast tumor can impinge on sympathetic trunk.

what does this lead to?

A

horners syndrome

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14
Q

what is horners syndrome?

A

HORNY PAMELa

Ptosis > droppy eyelid

Anhidrosis> Cant sweat normally

Miosis > contricted pupil

Enopthalmos > posterior displacement of the eyeball within the orbit

Loss of ciliopsinal reflex

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15
Q

Cancer of the lung can result in a hoarse voice, why?

A
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16
Q

The walls of the passageways become _______ as their lumens decrease in diameter.

A

thinner

17
Q

EPITHELIAL CHANGES IN THE RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM?

A

yr pic alaa

18
Q

the nasal cavitites is divinding into olfactory and non olfactory regions, describe the epithelium for each and types of cells or glands included

A
19
Q

what is purpose of “Bowman’s Glands’?

A

Serous glands (Bowman’s glands) flush odorants from the epithelial surface.

and it makes mucous

20
Q

LABEL the larynx

A
21
Q

Each vocal cord, of the larynx, is lined by stratified squamous epithelium and contains: (2 structures)

  • what is the function of the vocal cord?
  • what contributes to the resonance of the voice?
A
22
Q

what contributes to the resonance of the voice?

A

The ventricles & ventricular folds

23
Q

which bronchus is more vertical than the other & what is the significance of this?

A

Right bronchus

foreign objects r most likely to lodge into this one

24
Q

how does the histology of the trachea differ from the primary bronchi?

A

in the primary bronchi, the cartilage rings and spiral muscle completely encircle the lumen

25
Q

what changes occurs in the trachea with aging?

A

the c-shaped cartilaginous rings transform into BONE

26
Q

what r the secretions that r released from the epithelium and submucosal glands of the trachea & bronchi

A

mucins, serum, water, proteins, lysozomes (destroy bacteria), antiproteases (inactivate bacterial enzymes),

27
Q

what changes occur in the tracheal epithelium in COPD?

A

goblet cell hyperplasia

smaller amount of ciliated cells

hypertrophy of the submucous glands

therefore there is MORE mucous and FEWER cilia

28
Q
A
29
Q
A
30
Q

Pulmonary arteries (PA) carry ____________

Bronchial arteries (BA) carry ______________

A

Pulmonary arteries (PA) carry deoxygenated blood.

Bronchial arteries (BA) carry oxygenated blood.

31
Q

what type of epithelium lines lines most of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

32
Q

how manyml of blood does the pulmonary vasculature contain?

A

500 ml

33
Q

Bronchiole has no cartilage or glands.

how can this be problematic?

A

because it allows these air passages to constrict and almost close down when smooth muscle contraction becomes excessive.

34
Q

bronchoconstriction can become excessive in asthma. explain

A

more difficulty with expiration than inspiration (during expiration the bronchial walls are no longer held open by the surrounding alveoli).

Body logistics-Alaa (10 decks)

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