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Body logistics-Alaa > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of cvs?

A

Circulates, transports nutrients and oxygen, hormones and blood cells around the body.

Fights disease, stabilize temp, Ph & helps maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the 3 essential components of the human cvs system?

A

Heart, blood and blood vessels

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3
Q

What is meant by having a “closed circulation?”

A

Blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins and capillaries

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4
Q

How much blood does an avergae human have? How much is rbc? Plasma?

A

5L

Rbc» 2L
Plasma» 3L

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5
Q

Where does most of our blood lie?

A

Peripheral veins (65%)

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6
Q

Where does the least of our blood lie?

A

In capillaries, but they have the bigest surface area which is needed for substance exchange!

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7
Q

How lomg can a patient live with a artificial heart inserted?

A

4 yrs approx

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8
Q

The heart has 2 major arteries…what r they?

A

Left and right coronory system

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9
Q

Define an “end artery” & give examples

A

A terminal artery supplying all or most of the blood to a body part without collateral circulation.

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10
Q

What are 2 types of end arteries?

Give examples for each

A

1) Absolute (true) end artery: there are no anastomoses, IN THE RETINA

2) Functional end arteries: have anastomoses
Ex coronory arteries, splenic artery, cerebral artery, renal artery

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11
Q

During a stenosis, what special action do arteries have to compensate this?

A

They form a collateral circulation, but it takes ages tho.

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12
Q

What is a collateral circulation?

A

the alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via nearby minor vessels. branches formed between adjacent blood vessels.

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13
Q

The left and right coronory artery arise from what?

A

The aorta

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14
Q

What is an example lf a natural collateral circulation in the body?

A

When the radial and ulnar arteries take the job of the brachial artery if damaged

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15
Q

List the component sof the electrical conducting system of the heart in order

A 
Sa node
Av node
Bundle of his
Left and r bundle branch
Purkunjee fibers
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16
Q

Why is the AV node implise delayed for 0.1 sec?

A

To allow the atria to respond and complete it’s contraction so the ventricles cam contract

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17
Q

Why does the SA node set the pace for the whole heart?

A

Bc its the only conduction sys that has the faster depolarization rate

18
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

heart rhythm problem that occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes pumping chambers in your heart (the ventricles) to helplessly shimmer instead of pumping blood.

Must give shock via paddles

19
Q

What is sytole? Diastole?

A

Systole: LV contracts, causing a rise in aortic bp (120mm HG)

Diastole (relaxation): AV valves close & walls of aorta recoil causing a drop

20
Q

What r the 3 walls of veins and arteries?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

21
Q

Why do veins have a thin wall in comparisin to arteries?

A

Bc they work in a low pressure system

22
Q

What is an aneursym?

A

Dilation of a bv

23
Q

Why are most abdominal aortic aneurysm in the infra renal region?

A

Due to an anatomical point, the junction of the suprarenal and infrarenal point has less elastin, thus is our weakest point

24
Q

What is paroxysmal noctural dyspnoea?

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a sensation of shortness of breath that awakens the patient, often after 1 or 2 hours of sleep, and is usually relieved in the upright position.

25
Q

What is orthopnea

A

Orthopnea or orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair

26
Q

What happens to BNP during heart failure?

A

It is released from the distended left ventricle which acts to lower bv and blood pressure

27
Q

What is muscle atrohpy? What could cause it?

A

Reduction in cell number or cell size

Muscle inactivity
Malnutrition
Cancer
COPD
Neurogenic disorders
28
Q

What r some indicators of muscle injury/ necrosis?

A 
Troponin I (cardiac)
Myoglobinurea (skeletal muscle)
Creatinine Kinase (all muscle)
29
Q

When do levels of CK rise?

A

During increased muscle activity

30
Q

Why does a”Dead leg” need to be amputated asap!

A

The dying cells will release pottasium which may travel to the heart and stop the activity

31
Q

What r vaso vorum?

A

“Vessels of vessels”

is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels

32
Q

What is located in the outer tunica adventitia?

A

Vaso vorum

Unmyelinated nerve endings, vasoconstriciton is stimulated by sympathetic nerve fibers.

33
Q

When is an artery considered to be an arteriole?

A

When the diameter less than 0.1mm

34
Q

How does the smooth muscle in the tunica intima of the artery differ from arteriole

A

In the artery» 40 layers of SM

in arteriole» 1-3 layers only

35
Q

What are metarterioles?

A

Arteries that supply blood to capillary beds

36
Q

What is a pre capillary sphincter?

A

Allow the arterioles and metarteroiles to serve as flow regulaters for capillary bed

37
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries do?

A

They drain away excess extracellular fluid, returning it to the blood at the junctions of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

38
Q

When and where is blood velocity at its lowest?

A

When it is passing through the capillaries, to allow sufficient time for gas exchange!

39
Q

What r is the capillaries composed of?

A

Endothelium and its basement membrane

40
Q

What r pericytes?

A

Cells that Form a branching network on the outer surface of capillaries and have the ability ro divide into muscle cells or fibroblasts during angiogenesis or tumor growth

41
Q

Why r veins called capacitance vessels?

A

Bc they can increase the volume of blood it hold without causimg an imcrease in pressure, and since they have non elastic properties, they cam stretch a great deal without rising pressure

Body logistics-Alaa (10 decks)

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