Respiratory Flashcards
H1 antagonists
Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
H1 antagonists - 1st generation
Examples
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Chlorpheniramine
“-en/-ine” or “-en/-ate”
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine
Uses and toxicity
H1 antagonists - 1st generation
Uses = allergy, MOTION SICKNESS, sleep aid
Toxicity = sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-a-adrenergic
H1 antagonists - 2nd generation
Examples
Loratadine Fexofenadine Desloratadine Cetirizine "-adine"
Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine
Uses and toxicity
H1 antagonists - 2nd generation
Uses = allergy
Toxicity = far LESS SEDATING than 1st gen due to decreased CNS entry
Expectorants (3)
Guaifenesin
N-acetylcysteine
Dextromethorphan
Guaifenesin
Expectorant
Thins respiratory secretions
Does NOT suppress cough reflex
N-acetylcysteine
Mucolytic
Can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients
Also used as antidote for acetaminophen overdose
Which drug can be used for acetaminophen overdose?
N-acetylcysteine
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist Synthetic codeine analog (mild opioid effect when used in excess) Naloxone used in overdose Mild abuse potential
Which drug can be used for dextromethorphan overdose?
Naloxone
Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine
MOA
Sympathomimetic a-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants
Reduce hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
Open obstructed eustachian tubes
Pseudoephedrine used in illicit methamphetamine production
Sympathomimetic a-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants
Toxicity
Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine
Hypertension
Can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)
Asthma drug therapy targets (2)
Inflammatory processes
Parasympathetic tone
Both lead to bronchoconstriction
B2 agonsts
Albuterol
Salmeterol, formoterol