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USMLE Pharmacology > Drug Reactions > Flashcards

Drug Reactions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Coronary vasospasm
Cutaneous flushing
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Torsades de pointes

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2
Q

Endocrine/Reproductive

A

Adrenocortical insufficiency
Hot flashes
Hyperglycemia
Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

GI

A 
Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
Diarrhea
Focal to massive hepatic necrosis
Hepatitis
Pancreatitis
Pseudomembranous colitis
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4
Q

Hematologic

A 
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anemia
Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia
Gray baby syndrome
Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombotic complications
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5
Q

Musculoskeletal/Skin/CT

A 
Fat redistribution
Gingival hyperplasia
Hyperuricemia (gout)
Myopathy
Osteoporosis
Photosensitivity
Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
SLE-like syndrome
Teeth discoloration
Tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage
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6
Q

Neurologic

A

Cinchonism
Parkinson-like syndrome
Seizures
Tardive dyskinesia

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7
Q

Renal/Genitourinary

A 
Diabetes insipidus
Fanconi syndrome
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Intersitital nephritis
SIDADH
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8
Q

Respiratory

A

Dry cough

Pulmonary fibrosis

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9
Q

Multiorgan

A

Antimuscarinic
Disulfiram-like reaction
Nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

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10
Q

Cytochrome P450 inducers (+)

9

A 
Chronic alcohol use
Modafinil
St. John's wort
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Nevapine
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
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11
Q

Cytochrome P450 substrates

8

A 
Anti-epileptics
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Anesthetics
Theophylline
Warfarin
Statins
OCPs
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12
Q

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors (-)

12

A 
Acute alcohol abuse
Gemfibrozil
Ciprofloxacin
Isoniazid
Grapefruit juice
Quinidine
Amiodarone
Ketoconazole
Macrolides
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ritonavir
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13
Q

Sulfa drugs

“Popular FACTSSS”

A 
Probenecid
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Celecoxib
Thiazides
Sulfonamide antibiotics
Sulfasalazine
Sulfonylureas
"Popular FACTSSS"
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14
Q

Potential reactions associated with sulfa allergy

A

Fever, UTI, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, urticaria (hives)
Symptoms range from mild to life threatening

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15
Q

Coronary vasospasm

A

Cocaine
Sumatriptan
Ergot alkaloids

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16
Q

Cutaneous flushing

“VANC”

A

Vancomycin
Adenosine
Niacin
CCBs

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17
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Doxorubicin

Danorubicin

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18
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

Class III (amiodarone, ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol) and Class IA (quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide) antiarrhythmics
Macrolide antibiotics
Antipsychotics
TCAs

Prolonged QT interval

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19
Q

Adrenocortical insufficiency

A

HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal

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20
Q

Hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen

Clomiphene

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21
Q

Hyperglycemia

“Taking Pills Necessitates Having Blood Checked”

A 
Tacrolimus
Protease inhibitors
Niacin
HCTZ
B-blockers
Corticosteroids
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22
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Lithium
Amiodarone
Sulfonamides

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23
Q

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Erythromycin

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24
Q

Diarrhea

“Might Excite Colon On Accident”

A 
Metformin
Erythromycin
Colchicine
Orlistat
Acarbose
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25
Q

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

“Liver HAVAc”

A

Halothane
Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen

26
Q

Hepatitis

A

Isoniazid

27
Q

Pancreatitis

“Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”

A 
Didanosine
Corticosteroids
Alcohol
Valproic acid
Azathioprine
Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
28
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins

Antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C. difficile

29
Q

Agranulocytosis

“Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes”

A 
Dapsone
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Colchicine
Methimazole
Propylthiouracil
30
Q

Aplastic anemia

“Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”

A 
Carbamazepine
Methimazole
NSAIDs
Benzene
Chloramphenicol
Propylthiouracil
31
Q

Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia

A

Methyldopa

Penicillin

32
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

33
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

“Hemolysis IS D PAIN”

A 
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Dapsone
Primaquine
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantoin
34
Q

Megalobastic anemia

“Having a megaloblast with PMS”

A

Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Sulfa drugs

35
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin

Cimetidine

36
Q

Thrombotic complications

A

OCPs (estrogens)

37
Q

Fat redistribution

“Fat PiG”

A

Protease inhibitors

Glucocorticoids

38
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Verapamil
Cyclosporine
Nifedipine

39
Q

Hyperuricemia (gout)

“Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care”

A 
Pyrazinamide
Thiazides
Furosemide
Niacin
Cyclosporine
40
Q

Myopathy

A 
Fibrates
Niacin
Colchicine
Hydroxychloroquine
IFN-a
Penicillamine
Statins
Glucocorticoids
41
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroids

Heparin

42
Q

Photosensitivity

“SAT For Photo”

A

Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Tetracyclines
5-FU

43
Q

Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

“Steven Johnson has epileptic Allergy to Sulfa drugs and PCN”

A

Anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)
Allopurinol
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin

44
Q

SLE-like syndrome

“Having lupus is SHIPP-E”

A 
Sulfa drugs
Hydralazine
INH
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Etanercept
45
Q

Teeth discoloration

A

Tetracyclines

46
Q

Tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage

A

Fluoroquinolones

47
Q

Cinchonism

A

Quinidine

Quinine

48
Q

Parkinson-like syndrome

“Cogwheel rigidity of ARM”

A

Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metoclopramide

49
Q

Seizures

“With seizures, I BITE My tongue

A 
INH (vitamin B6 deficiency)
Bupropion
Imipenem/cilastatin
Tramadol
Enflurane
Metoclopramide
50
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Antipsychotics

Metoclopramide

51
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium

Demeclocycline

52
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Expired tetracycline

53
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide

Prevent with mesna

54
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin
NSAIDs
Furosemide

55
Q

SIADH

“Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium”

A

Carbamazepine
Cyclophosphamide
SSRIs

56
Q

Dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

57
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

“Breathing Air Badly from Medications”

A

Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Busulfan
Methotrexate

58
Q

Antimuscarinic

A

Atropine
TCAs
H1-blockers
Antipsychotics

59
Q

Disulfiram-like reaction

A 
Metronidazole
Certain cephalosporins
Griseofulvin
Procarbazine
1st generation sulfonylureas (Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide)
60
Q

Nephrotoxicity/Ototoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
Loop diuretics
Cisplatin

USMLE Pharmacology (15 decks)

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