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USMLE Pharmacology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Conditions requiring treatment with passive immunity

A

Tetanus toxin
Botulinum toxin
HBV
Rabies virus

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2
Q

Conditions given passive and active immunizations for treatment

A

Hepatitis B

Rabies exposure

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3
Q

Live attenuated vaccines induce a ____ response

A

CELLULAR response

Microorganism loses pathogenicity but retains capacity for transient growth

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4
Q

inactivated or killed vaccines induce a ____ response

A

HUMORAL response

pathogen inactivated by heat or chemicals but maintains epitope structure on surface antigens

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5
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A 
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Polio = Sabin
Influenza = intranasal
Varicella
Yellow Fever
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6
Q

Inactivated/killed vaccines

A 
Cholera
HAV
Polio = Salk (k = killed)
Influenza = injection
Rabies
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7
Q

MMR vaccine

A

Live attenuated

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8
Q

Cholera vaccine

A

Inactivated

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9
Q

Polio (SABIN) vaccine

A

Live attenuated

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10
Q

HAV vaccine

A

Inactivated

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11
Q

Influenza (intranasal)

A

Live attenuated

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12
Q

Polio (SALK) vaccine

A

Inactivated

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13
Q

Varicella vaccine

A

Live attenuated

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14
Q

Influenza (injection) vaccine

A

Inactivated

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15
Q

Yellow fever vaccine

A

Live attenuated

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16
Q

Rabies vaccine

A

Inactivated

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17
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Calcineurin inhibitor
Binds cyclophilin
Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis

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18
Q

Cyclosporine toxicity

A

NEPHROTOXIC

HTN, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, tremor, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia

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19
Q

Tacrolimus

A

Calcineurin inhibitor
Binds FK506 binding protein (FKBP)
Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription

Transplant rejection prophylaxis

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20
Q

Tacrolimus toxicity

A

NEPHROTOXIC
Increased risk of diabetes and neurotoxicity
No gingival hyperplasia or hirsutism

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21
Q

-limus drugs bind ___

A

FKBP

22
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin)

A

mTOR inhibitor, binds FKBP
Blocks T cell activation and B cell differentiation by preventing IL-2 signal transduction

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis

23
Q

Sirolimus toxicity

A

NON-NEPHROTOXIC = safe for kidneys (kidney “sir-vives”

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia

24
Q

Basiliximab

A

Monoclonal antibody
Blocks IL-2R (SCID)

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis

25
Q

Basiliximab toxicity

A

Edema
HTN
Tremor

26
Q

Azathioprine

A

Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine
Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, glomerulonephritis, other autoimmune conditions

27
Q

Azathioprine toxicity

A

Leukopenia
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
(Pancytopenia)

6-MP degraded by xanthine oxidase = toxicity increased by allopurinol

28
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Inhibit NF-kB
Suppress both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of many cytokines

Transplant rejection prophylaxis (immune suppression), many autoimmune disorders, inflammation

29
Q

Glucocorticoids toxicity

A

Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, central obesity, muscle breakdown, psychosis, acne, HTN, cataracts, peptic ulcers
“Cushing syndrome”

30
Q

Recombinant cytokine for anemias (especially in renal failure)

A

Epoetin alfa (erythropoietin)

31
Q

Recombinant cytokines for thrombocytopenia (2)

A

Thrombopoietin

Oprelvekin (IL-11)

32
Q

Recombinant cytokines for recovery of bone marrow (2)

A

Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)

Sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

33
Q

Filgrastim

A

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

34
Q

Sargramostim

A

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

35
Q

Recombinant cytokine for renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma

A

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

36
Q

Recombinant cytokine for chronic HBV and HCV, Kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

A

IFN-a

37
Q

Recombinant cytokine for multiple sclerosis

A

IFN-B

38
Q

Recombinant cytokine for chronic granulomatous disease

A

IFN-gamma

39
Q

Alemtuzumab

“lym”

A

CLL

Targets CD52

40
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma

Targets VEGF

41
Q

Cetuximab

A

Stage IV colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer

Targets EGFR

42
Q

Rituximab

A

B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX), ITP
Targets CD20

43
Q

Trastuzumab

“2”

A

Breast cancer, gastric cancer

Targets HER2/neu

44
Q

Infliximab, Adalimumab

A

IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
Targets TNF-a

Rheumatoid arthritis “inflix” pain in “da lim(bs)”

45
Q

Natalizumab

A

Multiple sclerosis, Crohn disease
Targets a4-integrin (involved in leukocyte adhesion)

Risk of PML in patients with JC virus

46
Q

Abciximab

“six”

A

Anti-platelet agent for prevention of ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Targets glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

IIb x IIIa = “abSIXimab”

47
Q

Denosumab

A

Osteoporosis
Inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegrin)
Targets RANKL

48
Q

Digoxin immune Fab

A

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

Targets digoxin

49
Q

Omalizumab

A

Allergic asthma
Prevents IgE binding to FcERI
Targets IgE

50
Q

Palivizumab

“virus”

A

RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants

Targets RSV F protein

USMLE Pharmacology (15 decks)

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