Immunology

Question 1

Conditions requiring treatment with passive immunity

Answer 1

Tetanus toxin
Botulinum toxin
HBV
Rabies virus

Question 2

Conditions given passive and active immunizations for treatment

Answer 2

Hepatitis B

Rabies exposure

Question 3

Live attenuated vaccines induce a ____ response

Answer 3

CELLULAR response

Microorganism loses pathogenicity but retains capacity for transient growth

Question 4

inactivated or killed vaccines induce a ____ response

Answer 4

HUMORAL response

pathogen inactivated by heat or chemicals but maintains epitope structure on surface antigens

Question 5

Live attenuated vaccines

Answer 5

Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Polio = Sabin
Influenza = intranasal
Varicella
Yellow Fever

Question 6

Inactivated/killed vaccines

Answer 6

Cholera
HAV
Polio = Salk (k = killed)
Influenza = injection
Rabies

Question 7

MMR vaccine

Answer 7

Live attenuated

Question 8

Cholera vaccine

Answer 8

Inactivated

Question 9

Polio (SABIN) vaccine

Answer 9

Live attenuated

Question 10

HAV vaccine

Answer 10

Inactivated

Question 11

Influenza (intranasal)

Answer 11

Live attenuated

Question 12

Polio (SALK) vaccine

Answer 12

Inactivated

Question 13

Varicella vaccine

Answer 13

Live attenuated

Question 14

Influenza (injection) vaccine

Answer 14

Inactivated

Question 15

Yellow fever vaccine

Answer 15

Live attenuated

Question 16

Rabies vaccine

Answer 16

Inactivated

Question 17

Cyclosporine

Answer 17

Calcineurin inhibitor
Binds cyclophilin
Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

Cyclosporine toxicity

Answer 18

NEPHROTOXIC

HTN, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, tremor, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia

Question 19

Tacrolimus

Answer 19

Calcineurin inhibitor
Binds FK506 binding protein (FKBP)
Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription

Transplant rejection prophylaxis

Question 20

Tacrolimus toxicity

Answer 20

NEPHROTOXIC
Increased risk of diabetes and neurotoxicity
No gingival hyperplasia or hirsutism

Question 21

-limus drugs bind ___

Answer 21

FKBP

Question 22

Sirolimus (Rapamycin)

Answer 22

mTOR inhibitor, binds FKBP
Blocks T cell activation and B cell differentiation by preventing IL-2 signal transduction

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis

Question 23

Sirolimus toxicity

Answer 23

NON-NEPHROTOXIC = safe for kidneys (kidney “sir-vives”

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia

Question 24

Basiliximab

Answer 24

Monoclonal antibody
Blocks IL-2R (SCID)

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis

Question 25

Basiliximab toxicity

Answer 25

Edema HTN Tremor

Question 26

Azathioprine

Answer 26

Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis Transplant rejection prophylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, glomerulonephritis, other autoimmune conditions

Question 27

Azathioprine toxicity

Answer 27

Leukopenia Anemia Thrombocytopenia (Pancytopenia) 6-MP degraded by xanthine oxidase = toxicity increased by allopurinol

Question 28

Glucocorticoids

Answer 28

Inhibit NF-kB Suppress both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of many cytokines Transplant rejection prophylaxis (immune suppression), many autoimmune disorders, inflammation

Question 29

Glucocorticoids toxicity

Answer 29

Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, central obesity, muscle breakdown, psychosis, acne, HTN, cataracts, peptic ulcers "Cushing syndrome"

Question 30

Recombinant cytokine for anemias (especially in renal failure)

Answer 30

Epoetin alfa (erythropoietin)

Question 31

Recombinant cytokines for thrombocytopenia (2)

Answer 31

Thrombopoietin | Oprelvekin (IL-11)

Question 32

Recombinant cytokines for recovery of bone marrow (2)

Answer 32

Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) | Sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

Question 33

Filgrastim

Answer 33

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Question 34

Sargramostim

Answer 34

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Question 35

Recombinant cytokine for renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma

Answer 35

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Question 36

Recombinant cytokine for chronic HBV and HCV, Kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Answer 36

IFN-a

Question 37

Recombinant cytokine for multiple sclerosis

Answer 37

IFN-B

Question 38

Recombinant cytokine for chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 38

IFN-gamma

Question 39

Alemtuzumab | "lym"

Answer 39

CLL | Targets CD52

Question 40

Bevacizumab

Answer 40

Colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma | Targets VEGF

Question 41

Cetuximab

Answer 41

Stage IV colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer | Targets EGFR

Question 42

Rituximab

Answer 42

B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX), ITP Targets CD20

Question 43

Trastuzumab | "2"

Answer 43

Breast cancer, gastric cancer | Targets HER2/neu

Question 44

Infliximab, Adalimumab

Answer 44

IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis Targets TNF-a Rheumatoid arthritis "inflix" pain in "da lim(bs)"

Question 45

Natalizumab

Answer 45

Multiple sclerosis, Crohn disease Targets a4-integrin (involved in leukocyte adhesion) Risk of PML in patients with JC virus

Question 46

Abciximab | "six"

Answer 46

Anti-platelet agent for prevention of ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention Targets glycoprotein IIb/IIIa IIb x IIIa = "abSIXimab"

Question 47

Denosumab

Answer 47

Osteoporosis Inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegrin) Targets RANKL

Question 48

Digoxin immune Fab

Answer 48

Antidote for digoxin toxicity | Targets digoxin

Question 49

Omalizumab

Answer 49

Allergic asthma Prevents IgE binding to FcERI Targets IgE

Question 50

Palivizumab | "virus"

Answer 50

RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants | Targets RSV F protein