Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Revision > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

ABG in hypoventilation

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ABG in APO

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ABG in exacerbation of COPD

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ABG in pneumonia

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ABG in hyperventilation

A

Respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ABG in aspirin overdose

A

Respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ABG in PE

A

Respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ABG in sepsis

A

Respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ABG in acute renal/liver failure

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ABG in lactic/ketoacidosis

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ABG in shock/hypovolaemia

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ABG in vomiting

A

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ABG in chronic diarrhoea

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ABG in diuretics

A

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ABG in hyperaldosteronism

A

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A 
Methanol
Uraemia (chronic kidney failure)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Propylene glycol 
Infection/iron/isoniazid/inborn errors of metabolism
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spirometry findings for asthma

A

+ 12% and 200mL in FEV1 with bronchodilator

18
Q

Management of COPD

A

SABA
LAMA/LABA
ICS

19
Q

Management of asthma

A

SABA
ICS
LABA + ICS

20
Q

Most common cause of cor pulmonale

A

COPD

21
Q

Organs involved in cystic fibrosis

A

Respiratory system
Pancreas
Intestine

22
Q

Management of cystic fibrosis

A

Respiratory:

  • Chest physiotherapy
  • Inhaled tobramycin (for chronic Pseudomonas infection)
  • Anti-inflammatory agent (azithromycin, ibuprofen, prednisolone)
  • Lung transplantation

GI:

  • Nutritional supplements
  • Pancreatic enzymes + H2 antagonist/PPI + fat soluble vitamins
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid (for advanced liver disease)
  • Antacid/H2 antagonist/PPI (for GORD)
23
Q

Upper lobe fibrosis

A

S-CHARTS:

  • Silicosis
  • Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
  • Histiocytosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Radiation
  • TB
  • Sarcoidosis
24
Q

Lower lobe fibrosis

A

RASCO:

  • RA
  • Asbestosis
  • Scleroderma
  • Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (IPF)
  • Other - amiodarone, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, bleomycin
25
Q

Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index for OSA

A

≥15 episodes/hour or ≥5 episodes/hour in symptomatic patient

26
Q

Light’s criteria

A

Exudative if ≥1 of:

  • Pleural:serum protein >0.5
  • Pleural:serum LDH >0.6
  • Pleural LDH >2/3 of upper limit
27
Q

Causes of community-acquired pneumonia

A 
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moxaxella catarrhalis
Influenza
RSV
28
Q

Management of community-acquired pneumonia

A

Mild:
-Amoxicillin (PO) ± doxycycline (PO)

Moderate:

  • Benzylpenicillin (IV) → amoxicillin (PO)
  • Doxycycline (PO)

Severe:

  • Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime (IV)
  • Azithromycin (IV)
29
Q

Management of atypical pneumonia

A

Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Clarithromycin

30
Q

Causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Staph. aureus

Gram-negative bacilli:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
31
Q

Management of hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Mild:
-Augmentin (PO)

Moderate:
-Ceftriaxone/cefotaxine (IV)

Severe:
-Tazocin (IV)

32
Q

Causes of aspiration pneumonia

A

Anaerobic oral flora ± aerobes

33
Q

Management of aspiration pneumonia

A

Mild:
-Amoxicillin (PO)

Moderate:
-Benzylpenicillin (IV)

Severe:

  • Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime (IV)
  • Metronidazole (IV/PO)
34
Q

Signs of PE on ECG

A

Sinus tachycardia
Right axis deviation
S1Q3T3 - deep S wave in lead I, present Q wave in lead III, T wave inversion in lead III

35
Q

Management of PE

A

LMWH (IV) for 1 week
Warfarin (PO) 2-3 days after starting LMWH
Thrombolysis - if haemodynamically unstable
IVC filter
Embolectomy

36
Q

Signs of pulmonary hypertension

A 
Split S2
Loud P2
Parasternal heave
Signs of right heart failure
Tricuspid regurgitation
37
Q

Gold standard investigation for pulmonary hypertension

A

Right heart catheterisation

38
Q

Management of pulmonary hypertension

A

Treatment of underlying cause
Oxygen
Vasoactive drugs - sildenafil, bosentan, prostacyclines
Lung transplantation

39
Q

Definitive diagnosis of TB

A

Sputum culture

40
Q

Causes of type 1 respiratory failure (hypoxaemia)

A

V/Q mismatch - PE, pneumonia, atelectasis
Shunt - sepsis, liver failure
Diffusion impairment - APO, pulmonary fibrosis
High altitude
Alveolar hypoventilation - COPD

41
Q

Causes of type 2 respiratory failure

A

Reduced minute ventilation - opioids, sedatives, head injury, elevated ICP
Neuromuscular abnormality - myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome
Chest wall abnormality - kyphoscoliosis, ascites
Pulmonary disease - COPD, severe asthma, bronchiectasis, OSA

42
Q

Management of PE

A

LMWH → warfarin

tPA (if haemodynamically compromised)

Revision (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions