Respiratory

Question 1

Tidal Volume

Answer 1

Volume of air inspired and expired with a normal breath

Question 2

PaO2

Answer 2

Adult: 80-100
Preg: 75-100
Newborn: 60-70

Question 3

PaCO2

Answer 3

Adult: 34-45
Preg: 30-37
Newborn: 35-45

Question 4

pH

Answer 4

Adult: 7.35-7.45
Preg: 7.35-7.45
Newborn: 7.30-7.40

Question 5

HCO3

Answer 5

Adult: 24-30
Preg: 20-26
Newborn: 20-26

Question 6

O2 sat

Answer 6

Adult: 96-100
Preg: 95-100
Newborn: 90-100

Question 7

V/Q matching

Answer 7

V= amount of air moved in and out of the lungs
Q= amount of blood flowing through the lungs

Question 8

Requirements for gas exchange across the alveolus

Answer 8

1. Good ventilation to the alveolus
2. Adequate blood flow past alveolus
3. Minimal barriers for gas to diffuse

Question 9

Hypoxia

Answer 9

Decrease in tissue oxygenation

Question 10

Hypoxic-hypoxia

Answer 10

PaO2 decreased despite normal oxygen carrying ability

Question 11

Anemic-hypoxia

Answer 11

decreased oxygen carrying capactiy

low Hgb…sickle cell anemia

Question 12

Circulatory-hypoxia

Answer 12

results from low cardiac output…oxygen carrying capacity is normal, but blood flow is reduced…blood loss

Question 13

Histotoxic-hypoxia

Answer 13

Toxic substance leads to the inability of tissues to use available oxygen

i.e. Cyanide poisoning

Question 14

Hypoxemia

Answer 14

deficient blood oxygen resulting from poor diffusion at alveoli or anemia with low arterial O2 and low hemoglobin saturation

Question 15

4 types of pulmonary disorders

Answer 15

1. Vascular
2. Obstructive
3. Restrictive
4. Infectious

Question 16

ARDS

Answer 16

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome:
Fluid build up in alveoli
Profound hypoxemia associated with trauma, sepsis, or shock. Injury to the alveoli with changes in diameter

Question 17

IRDS

Answer 17

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome:

Most common in premature infants…occurs b/c of lack of surfactant

Question 18

Pneumothorax

Answer 18

Accumulation of air in the pleural space

Question 19

Hemothorax

Answer 19

presence of blood in the pleural space