Respiratory Flashcards
Tidal Volume
Volume of air inspired and expired with a normal breath
PaO2
Adult: 80-100
Preg: 75-100
Newborn: 60-70
PaCO2
Adult: 34-45
Preg: 30-37
Newborn: 35-45
pH
Adult: 7.35-7.45
Preg: 7.35-7.45
Newborn: 7.30-7.40
HCO3
Adult: 24-30
Preg: 20-26
Newborn: 20-26
O2 sat
Adult: 96-100
Preg: 95-100
Newborn: 90-100
V/Q matching
V= amount of air moved in and out of the lungs Q= amount of blood flowing through the lungs
Requirements for gas exchange across the alveolus
- Good ventilation to the alveolus
- Adequate blood flow past alveolus
- Minimal barriers for gas to diffuse
Hypoxia
Decrease in tissue oxygenation
Hypoxic-hypoxia
PaO2 decreased despite normal oxygen carrying ability
Anemic-hypoxia
decreased oxygen carrying capactiy
low Hgb…sickle cell anemia
Circulatory-hypoxia
results from low cardiac output…oxygen carrying capacity is normal, but blood flow is reduced…blood loss
Histotoxic-hypoxia
Toxic substance leads to the inability of tissues to use available oxygen
i.e. Cyanide poisoning
Hypoxemia
deficient blood oxygen resulting from poor diffusion at alveoli or anemia with low arterial O2 and low hemoglobin saturation
4 types of pulmonary disorders
- Vascular
- Obstructive
- Restrictive
- Infectious
ARDS
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome:
Fluid build up in alveoli
Profound hypoxemia associated with trauma, sepsis, or shock. Injury to the alveoli with changes in diameter
IRDS
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome:
Most common in premature infants…occurs b/c of lack of surfactant
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in the pleural space
Hemothorax
presence of blood in the pleural space
