Cardiac Flashcards
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the ventricle
SV= EDV-ESV
End-diastolic volume
volume of blood in the ventricle prior to ejection
End-systolic volume
amount of blood that remains in the ventricle after ejection
Cardiac Output
HRxSV
Preload
Volume of blood in the heart
Afterload
Pressure to contract heart
CHD: Coronary Heart Disease
insufficient delivery of oxygen to myocardium b/c of atherosclerotic coronary arteries
Coronary arteries
Hardening of arteries b/c of plaque
Ischemia
inadequate blood/oxygen supply to the heart
CAD: Coronary Artery Disease
narrowing of arteries causing a decreased lumen and decreased blood flow through coronary arteries
Stable Angina
Most common form…caused by extensive activity
Unstable Angina
Pain occurring with increasing frequency, severity, and duration over time
Prinzmental (variant) angina
Atypical for occurring w/o precipitating cause. Unpredictable attacks of pain…unrelated to emotion or activity
Stenosis
Failure of valve to open completely results in extra pressure work for the heart
Regurgitation
Inability of valve to close completely results in extra volume work for the heart
rheumatic heart disease
caused by untreated rheumatic fever/strep mostly in children
Cardiomyopathy
Loss of heart’s ability to pump blood
Pericardial Effusion
Accumulation of noninflammatory fluid in the pericardial sac
Cardiac Tamponade
When fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac so much that it compresses the heart chambers and affects filling and function
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Opening of the interatrial septum allowing pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium.
Ventrical Septal Defect
Most common congenital. A hole near the bundle of his, causes blood from the left ventricle to flow to the right ventricle…
Leads to high pulmonary blood flow, and right ventricular hypertrophy
PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
When the patent ductus doesn’t close after birth, leads to left to right shunt at the pulmonic vein and aorta
Coarctation of Aorta
Narrowing of the aorta…impedes blood flow
Tetralogy of Fallot
Cyanotic Congenital Defect
- Ventricular septal defect
- Aorta positioned above ventricular septal opening
- Pulmonary stenosis that obstructs right ventricular outflow
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
Transposition of Great Arteries
aorta comes from the right ventricle, pulmonic trunk comes from the left ventricle. Results in two separate noncommunicating circulations
Truncus Arteriosus
Pulmonary artery and aorta don’t separate…results in one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles
