Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSI > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gas law?

A

(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

P1V1=P2V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atmosphere pressure is due to the effect of what on the gasses?

A

gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is normal pressure of gas on Earth?

A

760mmHg=1atmosphere of pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effect does Nitrogen have under normal pressure?

A

no effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can happen to Nitrogen that we breath under pressurized conditions?

A

the Nitrogen can be forced into solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula of partial pressure?

A

concentration of dissolved gas/solubility coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxygen and CO2 are lipid soluble…True or False?

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are cell membranes able to block O2 and CO2?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of nasal hairs?

A

filter inhaled air along with warming and humidifying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are airways covered with?

A

pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In cold weather blood flow is ____ to the respiratory mucosa

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can we use to open a constricted airway?

A

beta two adrenergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does cystic fibrosis inhibit?

A

transport of chloride across membranes which affects exocrine secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What blocks the trachea when eating?

A

the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does actual gas exchange in the lungs occur?

A

alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have? How many does the left lung have?

A

Right has three and the left has two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of muscle controls the diameter of the alveoli?

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cells are optimized for gas diffusion?

A

Type 1 simple squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are type 2 simple squamous cells for?

A

secreting surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

A

decreases surface tension of the water which would otherwise collapse the thin delicate alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What removes fluid from the lungs?

A

lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What holds the two pleura together?

A

a thin film of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is ventilation?

A

exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli by bulk flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What determines flow?

A

difference between the alveoli and atmosphere pressure (Palv-Patm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What determines transpulmonary pressure?

A

Palv-Pip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What determines chest wall pressure

A

Pip-Patm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What determines Respiratory system pressure

A

Palv-Patm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

pressure holding lungs open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is chest wall pressure?

A

pressur holding chest wall in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is respiratory system pressure?

A

pressure difference across entire respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the typical value of Pip (Interplueral pressure)?

A

-4 to -7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

lung collapse and expansion of chest wall

34
Q

An increase in compliance would make it easier or harder to fill?

A

easier

35
Q

An decrease in compliance would make it easier or harder to fill?

A

harder

36
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A

leading cause of death in premature babies due to not producing surfactant yet

37
Q

What is the equation for flow?

A

pressure difference/Resistance

38
Q

Can Residual volume be measured using a spirometer?

A

no, you cannot totally empty your lungs

39
Q

What is the typical value for tidal volume?

A

500ml

40
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath while relaxed

41
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort

42
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled

43
Q

what is residual volume

A

amount of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration

44
Q

what is the typical value for residual volume

A

about one liter

45
Q

what is vital capacity

A

amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration

46
Q

what does vital capacity asses?

A

strength of thoracic muscles as well as pulmonary function

47
Q

what is inspiratory capacity?

A

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

48
Q

what is functional residual capacity?

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

49
Q

what is total lung capacity?

A

maximum amount of air the lungs can contain

50
Q

How can you find minute ventilation?

A

tidal volume * frequency

51
Q

how can you find anatomic dead space?

A

150*frequency

52
Q

how can you find alveolar ventilation

A

minute ventilation-anatomic dead space

53
Q

What keeps pulmonary interpleural pressure negative?

A

the lymphatic system

54
Q

When standing at rest there is ____ flow of blood at the top of the lungs compared to the bottom

A

little

55
Q

Chronically damaged lymphatic system can cause drainage to increase by how much?

A

ten times

56
Q

Why is there an increase in oxygen concentration and CO2 decreases from the blood levels to expired air?

A

this is due to the mixing of alveolar air with the dead space air before exhalation

57
Q

The slow rate of replacement in alveolar air functions to do what?

A

buffer against sudden changes in blood gas concentration

58
Q

What is the ventilation-Perfusion ratio?

A

Ratio of O2 reaching alveoli (V)/Ratio of blood reaching alveoli (Q)

59
Q

What does it mean by shunted blood?

A

blood not exchanged with normal alveolar air

60
Q

The blood only needs to travel _____ of the length of a pulmonary capillary to equilibrate with the alveolar PO2

A

3-Jan

61
Q

What does the high solubility coefficient for CO2 mean?

A

it can diffuse much faster than O2

62
Q

What can shift the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right? (thus a decrease in O2 delivery)

A

increased metabolism, hypoxia, high acidity, inc. temperature, and increase in DPG

63
Q

Why would a baby (in the womb) have an O2-Hb dissociation curve farther to the left than the mother?

A

because the baby has a higher affinity for oxygen

64
Q

What converts CO2 to bicarbonate?

A

carbonic anhydrase

65
Q

note that only a ____ fraction of the CO2 is released in the lungs

A

small

66
Q

what is the Bohr effect?

A

increase release of O2 with and increase in CO2 pressures in tissues

67
Q

what is the Haldane effect?

A

the binding of O2 in the lungs at relatively high O2 pressure levels decrease the CO2 content of the blood…so enhancing its release

68
Q

what causes the Haldane effect?

A

due to the binding of O2 making Hb a stronger acid which decreases tendency to increase H+ which tends to force the formation of carbonic acid to reverse and release CO2

69
Q

The ___ adjusts ventilation to match demand

A

CNS

70
Q

the dorsal respiratory group is responsible for what?

A

inspiration

71
Q

the ventral respiratory group influences what?

A

expiration/increase ventilation overall during exercise

72
Q

The pneumotaxic center is for what?

A

rate/frequency and depth of ventilation

73
Q

What is the Hering-Breuer Reflex?

A

Stretch receptors in the walls of the airways that signal the DRG, via the vagus, of overinflation in the lungs

74
Q

Can protons cross the BBB?

A

No

75
Q

Increase in CO2 pressures has what kind of effect on respiration?

A

increase respiration and decrease pH

76
Q

What does a decrease in Arterial PO2 cause?

A

increase firing of chemoreceptors, increase in contractions and then an increase in ventilation

77
Q

what is caused from an increase in non-CO2 acids?

A

increase in H ions, increase in chemoreceptor firing, an increase in contractions and an increase in ventilation

78
Q

what does an increase in PCO2 levels in the arteries cause?

A

increase in H ions, increase in brain extracellular fluid, which increases firing of chemoreceptors, which increases contractions and ventilation

79
Q

What is periodic breathing?

A

when gas concentrations are out of sync to each other and the person will alternate periods of deep breathing with shallow or no breathing.

80
Q

What are common causes of Sleep apnea?

A

older, obese, or people with abnormal anatomy…can be treated with surgery or CPAP

81
Q

Asthma is a ____ condition…(constrictive or obstructive)

A

obstructive

BSI (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions