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Pathology 2 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the upper respiratory tract located?

A

Outside the thoracic cavity

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2
Q

Cells of the conducting system?

A

Pseudo stratified ciliated epi

Goblet cells

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3
Q

Components of the conducting system?

A 
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinus
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
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4
Q

Components of the transitional system?

A

Bronchioles

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5
Q

Bronchiolar cells?

A

Clara cells
Non-ciliated secretory cells
NO GOBLETS

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6
Q

Components of the exchange system?

A

Alveolar ducts

Alveoli

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7
Q

Membranous pneumocytes?

A

Type 1

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8
Q

Granular pneumocytes?

A

Type 2

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9
Q

Which pneumocytes produce surfactant?

A

Type 2

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10
Q

Deoxygenated blood supply to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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11
Q

Oxygenated blood to the lung?

A

Bronchial arteries

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12
Q

Which pneumocytes are more susceptible to injury?

A

Type 1

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13
Q

Normal flora are restrictedd to what part of the respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea

all of the conducting except for bronchi!

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14
Q

Non-specific defense mechanisms?

A

Mucous trapping
Mucociliary escalator/clearance
Phagocytosis
Air turbulence

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15
Q

Specific defense mechanisms?

A

Ab production
Ab phagocytosis
CMI

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16
Q

Cells that remove bacteria from circulation?

A

Kupffer cells

Splenic MØs

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17
Q

What species does not have PIMs?

A

Dogs

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18
Q

Etiology of ethmoidal hematoma?

A

Unknown

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19
Q

Lesion seen in ethmoidal hematoma?

A

Pedunculated tumor like lesion (looks like a nasty purple ball sack)

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20
Q

Fibrinous rhinitis is caused by?

A

IBR

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21
Q

Cause of atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

A

B. bronchiseptica

P. multocida

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22
Q

Cause of inclusion body rhinitis (cytomegalovirus)?

A

Porcine Herpesvirus 2

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23
Q

Inclusion body rhinitis is fatal in which age group?

A

Pigs 3-5wks

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24
Q

Cause of granulomatous rhinitis in dogs?

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

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25
Q

Cause of strangles?

A

Strept equi

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26
Q

Inflammation of the guttural pouch is called?

A

Empyema

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27
Q

Rock like structures formed with strangles?

A

Chondroids

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28
Q

Guttaral pouch mycosis is caused by?

A

Aspergillus

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29
Q

Guttaral pouch mycosis affects what vessel?

A

Internal carotid artery

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30
Q

Stain used for guttural pouch mycosis?

A

GMS

PAS

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31
Q

Mass seen in the nasal turbinates of sheep?

A

Enzootic nasal carcinoma/adenocarcinoma

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32
Q

Cause of enzootic nasal carcinoma?

A

Enzootic nasal tumor virus

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33
Q

Cause of nasal mass in dogs? (pictures of german shepherd head)

A

Fibrosarcoma

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34
Q

Caseous necrosis, ulcerative, fibrinonecrotizing laryngitis?

A

Calf diptheria from secondary Fusobacterium necrophorum

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35
Q

Cause of roaring?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve issue

Cricoarytenoid affected

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36
Q

Breeds affected by tracheal collapse?

A

Toy

Mini

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37
Q

Ulcerative and necrotizing laryngotracheitis in cattle?

A

IBR

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38
Q

Cause of kennel cough?

A 
B. bronchiseptica
CAV-2
CPIV-2
Distemper
Mycoplasma
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39
Q

Other names for heaves in horses?

A

Chronic bronchiolitis emphysema complex
Broken wind
Recurrent Airway Obstruction RAO

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40
Q

What are seen in the bronchioles of horses with heaves?

A

Goblet cells

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41
Q

Cause of heaves?

A

Aeroallergens

42
Q

Pulmonary hemorrhage in race horses

A

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage EIPH

43
Q

Cause of nose bleeds in horses?

A

Guttaral mycosis
Ethmoid hematoma
EIPH

44
Q

What part of the lung is affected by EIPH

A

Doro caudal lung lobes

45
Q

Predisposition to pulmonary hemorrhage and epistaxis in cattle?

A

Vena cava thrombosis

46
Q

Causes of pulmonary edema

A

Increase hydrostatic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Obstruction to lymph flow

47
Q

You will see increased numbers of these cells in pulmonary edema

A

MØs

48
Q

Stain for iron (use to see blood cells in alveoli)

A

Pearl’s

49
Q

Pulmonary anthracosis is often seen where?

A

Cities with pollution

50
Q

What is pulmonary anthracosis

A

Deposition of carbon in the lungs

51
Q

Lung appearance with atelectasis

A

dark red
sunken
rubbery

52
Q

Causes of atelectasis

A

Congenital

Acquired: Compression, Massive, Obstruction

53
Q

Appearance of lungs with meconium aspiration?

A

Patchy

Pale

54
Q

Enlargement of air spaces in the lungs?

A

Pulmonary emphysema

55
Q

Pulmonary emphysema is often a complication of what?

A

Pneumonia

56
Q

Pulmonary emphysema in animals is always secondary to?

A

Obstruction of outflow

57
Q

Large focal air filled spaces of the lungs?

A

bullous emphysema

58
Q

Common cause of bullous emphysema?

A

Fog Fever

59
Q

Pneumonia where you can see rib impressions?

A

Interstitial

60
Q

Suppurative bronchopneumonia affects which half of the lungs?

A

Cranial

61
Q

Fibrinous bronchopneumonia affects which half of the lungs?

A

Cranial

62
Q

Interstitial bronchopneumonia affects what part of the lungs?

A

All-diffuse

63
Q

Parasitic pneumonia affects what part of the lung

A

Caudal

64
Q

IBR is caused by what virus?

A

bovine herpes 1

65
Q

Viral pneumonias in cattle?

A

IBR
PI-3
BRSV

66
Q

Viral pneumonia in cattle that produces intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, syncytial cells and necrotizing bronchitis?

A

PI3

BRSV

67
Q

Bovine enzootic pneumonia causes?

A 
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
P. multocida
Arcanobacterium
H. somni
M. haemolytica
E. coli
68
Q

How do the bacterial pneumonias reach the lung?

A

Aerogenous route

69
Q

Common sequels to chronic suppurative pneumonia?

A

Abscess and bronchiectasis

70
Q

Cause of shipping fever?

A

Pneumonic mennheimiosis

71
Q

Most economically important respiratory disease of cattle in NA?

A

Shipping fever

72
Q

Shipping fever causes what type of bronchopneumonia?

A

Fibrinous

73
Q

Which bacteria is more damaging to the lung? Mannheimia hemolytica or Histophilus somni?

A

M. haemolytica (marbled appearance)

74
Q

What type of bronchopneumonia does M. bovis cause?

A

Necrotizing and granulomatous

75
Q

Severe chronic fibrinous arthritis is a symptom of what bacterial pneumonia?

A

M. bovis

76
Q

What part of the lung does M. bovis affect?

A

Cranioventral

77
Q

D. viviparus causes what diseases in the lung?

A 
Interstitial pneumonia (from larvae)
Chronic bronchitis (from adults)
Granulomatous pneumonia (from eggs)
78
Q

Lung worm of pigs?

A

Metastrongylus

79
Q

What is the toxin in moldy potatoes?

A

4-ipomeanol

80
Q

What causes milk hypersensitivity?

A

Casein

Lactalbumin

81
Q

Fog fever is caused by what toxin?

A

L-tryptophan

82
Q

Ovine progressive pneumonia is caused by what?

A

Maedi-visna

83
Q

Causes of chronic enzootic pneumonia in sheep?

A 
M. haemolytica
P. multocida
PI-3
Adenovirus
Reovirus
RSV
Chlamydophila
Mycoplasma
84
Q

Pneumonia causes in horses?

A 
EHV-1/2
Equine influenze
EVA
P. multocida
Strept
E. coli
Klebsiella
Rhodococcus
85
Q

Cause of interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis, edema, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum in horses?

A

Equine Viral Arteritis EVA

86
Q

Pneumonia in SICD horses?

A

Adenovirus

P. carinii

87
Q

Stain to detect fungal organisms?

A

GMS

88
Q

Type of pneumonia caused by R. equi?

A

Pyogranulomatous pneumonia

89
Q

Causes of pneumonia in pigs?

A

PRRS
Swine Flu
PMWS (PCV-2)
Porcine Corona

90
Q

Interstitial pneumonia is highly suggestive of what etiologic agent? (fungal, bacterial, viral, parasitic)

A

Viral

91
Q

Fibrinous pneumonia in pigs?

A

Glasser’s disease (H. parsuis)

92
Q

Often fatal pneumonia of pigs affecting the dorsal area of the caudal lung. Lesions are severe and hemorrhagic.

A

Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumoniae (Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia)

93
Q

Most common causes of infectious pneumonia in dogs?

A

Canine Distemper
Infectious tracheobronchitis
(CAV2, CHV1 and influenza can all cause pneumonia as well)

94
Q

Most common causes of non-infectious pneumonia in dogs?

A

Uremia

Paraquat

95
Q

Are URI or pneumonias more common in cats

A

Upper Respiratory Infections

96
Q

Lung worm in cats?

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

97
Q

T/F pulmonary neoplasia are common in animals

A

False

98
Q

Pulmonary neoplasia are most common in what species?

A

Dogs and Cats

99
Q

Most common neoplasm in lungs?

A

Metastasis

100
Q

Snuffles in rabbits?

A

P. multocida

Pathology 2 (4 decks)

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