Respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the upper respiratory tract located?
A
Outside the thoracic cavity
2
Q
Cells of the conducting system?
A
Pseudo stratified ciliated epi
Goblet cells
3
Q
Components of the conducting system?
A
Nasal cavity Paranasal sinus Larynx Trachea Bronchi
4
Q
Components of the transitional system?
A
Bronchioles
5
Q
Bronchiolar cells?
A
Clara cells
Non-ciliated secretory cells
NO GOBLETS
6
Q
Components of the exchange system?
A
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
7
Q
Membranous pneumocytes?
A
Type 1
8
Q
Granular pneumocytes?
A
Type 2
9
Q
Which pneumocytes produce surfactant?
A
Type 2
10
Q
Deoxygenated blood supply to the lungs?
A
Pulmonary arteries
11
Q
Oxygenated blood to the lung?
A
Bronchial arteries
12
Q
Which pneumocytes are more susceptible to injury?
A
Type 1
13
Q
Normal flora are restrictedd to what part of the respiratory tract?
A
Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea
all of the conducting except for bronchi!
14
Q
Non-specific defense mechanisms?
A
Mucous trapping
Mucociliary escalator/clearance
Phagocytosis
Air turbulence
15
Q
Specific defense mechanisms?
A
Ab production
Ab phagocytosis
CMI
16
Q
Cells that remove bacteria from circulation?
A
Kupffer cells
Splenic MØs
17
Q
What species does not have PIMs?
A
Dogs
18
Q
Etiology of ethmoidal hematoma?
A
Unknown
19
Q
Lesion seen in ethmoidal hematoma?
A
Pedunculated tumor like lesion (looks like a nasty purple ball sack)
20
Q
Fibrinous rhinitis is caused by?
A
IBR
21
Q
Cause of atrophic rhinitis in pigs?
A
B. bronchiseptica
P. multocida
22
Q
Cause of inclusion body rhinitis (cytomegalovirus)?
A
Porcine Herpesvirus 2
23
Q
Inclusion body rhinitis is fatal in which age group?
A
Pigs 3-5wks
24
Q
Cause of granulomatous rhinitis in dogs?
A
Rhinosporidium seeberi
25
Cause of strangles?
Strept equi
26
Inflammation of the guttural pouch is called?
Empyema
27
Rock like structures formed with strangles?
Chondroids
28
Guttaral pouch mycosis is caused by?
Aspergillus
29
Guttaral pouch mycosis affects what vessel?
Internal carotid artery
30
Stain used for guttural pouch mycosis?
GMS
| PAS
31
Mass seen in the nasal turbinates of sheep?
Enzootic nasal carcinoma/adenocarcinoma
32
Cause of enzootic nasal carcinoma?
Enzootic nasal tumor virus
33
Cause of nasal mass in dogs? (pictures of german shepherd head)
Fibrosarcoma
34
Caseous necrosis, ulcerative, fibrinonecrotizing laryngitis?
Calf diptheria from secondary Fusobacterium necrophorum
35
Cause of roaring?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve issue
| Cricoarytenoid affected
36
Breeds affected by tracheal collapse?
Toy
| Mini
37
Ulcerative and necrotizing laryngotracheitis in cattle?
IBR
38
Cause of kennel cough?
```
B. bronchiseptica
CAV-2
CPIV-2
Distemper
Mycoplasma
```
39
Other names for heaves in horses?
Chronic bronchiolitis emphysema complex
Broken wind
Recurrent Airway Obstruction RAO
40
What are seen in the bronchioles of horses with heaves?
Goblet cells
41
Cause of heaves?
Aeroallergens
42
Pulmonary hemorrhage in race horses
Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage EIPH
43
Cause of nose bleeds in horses?
Guttaral mycosis
Ethmoid hematoma
EIPH
44
What part of the lung is affected by EIPH
Doro caudal lung lobes
45
Predisposition to pulmonary hemorrhage and epistaxis in cattle?
Vena cava thrombosis
46
Causes of pulmonary edema
Increase hydrostatic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Obstruction to lymph flow
47
You will see increased numbers of these cells in pulmonary edema
MØs
48
Stain for iron (use to see blood cells in alveoli)
Pearl's
49
Pulmonary anthracosis is often seen where?
Cities with pollution
50
What is pulmonary anthracosis
Deposition of carbon in the lungs
51
Lung appearance with atelectasis
dark red
sunken
rubbery
52
Causes of atelectasis
Congenital
| Acquired: Compression, Massive, Obstruction
53
Appearance of lungs with meconium aspiration?
Patchy
| Pale
54
Enlargement of air spaces in the lungs?
Pulmonary emphysema
55
Pulmonary emphysema is often a complication of what?
Pneumonia
56
Pulmonary emphysema in animals is always secondary to?
Obstruction of outflow
57
Large focal air filled spaces of the lungs?
bullous emphysema
58
Common cause of bullous emphysema?
Fog Fever
59
Pneumonia where you can see rib impressions?
Interstitial
60
Suppurative bronchopneumonia affects which half of the lungs?
Cranial
61
Fibrinous bronchopneumonia affects which half of the lungs?
Cranial
62
Interstitial bronchopneumonia affects what part of the lungs?
All-diffuse
63
Parasitic pneumonia affects what part of the lung
Caudal
64
IBR is caused by what virus?
bovine herpes 1
65
Viral pneumonias in cattle?
IBR
PI-3
BRSV
66
Viral pneumonia in cattle that produces intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, syncytial cells and necrotizing bronchitis?
PI3
| BRSV
67
Bovine enzootic pneumonia causes?
```
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
P. multocida
Arcanobacterium
H. somni
M. haemolytica
E. coli
```
68
How do the bacterial pneumonias reach the lung?
Aerogenous route
69
Common sequels to chronic suppurative pneumonia?
Abscess and bronchiectasis
70
Cause of shipping fever?
Pneumonic mennheimiosis
71
Most economically important respiratory disease of cattle in NA?
Shipping fever
72
Shipping fever causes what type of bronchopneumonia?
Fibrinous
73
Which bacteria is more damaging to the lung? Mannheimia hemolytica or Histophilus somni?
M. haemolytica (marbled appearance)
74
What type of bronchopneumonia does M. bovis cause?
Necrotizing and granulomatous
75
Severe chronic fibrinous arthritis is a symptom of what bacterial pneumonia?
M. bovis
76
What part of the lung does M. bovis affect?
Cranioventral
77
D. viviparus causes what diseases in the lung?
```
Interstitial pneumonia (from larvae)
Chronic bronchitis (from adults)
Granulomatous pneumonia (from eggs)
```
78
Lung worm of pigs?
Metastrongylus
79
What is the toxin in moldy potatoes?
4-ipomeanol
80
What causes milk hypersensitivity?
Casein
| Lactalbumin
81
Fog fever is caused by what toxin?
L-tryptophan
82
Ovine progressive pneumonia is caused by what?
Maedi-visna
83
Causes of chronic enzootic pneumonia in sheep?
```
M. haemolytica
P. multocida
PI-3
Adenovirus
Reovirus
RSV
Chlamydophila
Mycoplasma
```
84
Pneumonia causes in horses?
```
EHV-1/2
Equine influenze
EVA
P. multocida
Strept
E. coli
Klebsiella
Rhodococcus
```
85
Cause of interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis, edema, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum in horses?
Equine Viral Arteritis EVA
86
Pneumonia in SICD horses?
Adenovirus
| P. carinii
87
Stain to detect fungal organisms?
GMS
88
Type of pneumonia caused by R. equi?
Pyogranulomatous pneumonia
89
Causes of pneumonia in pigs?
PRRS
Swine Flu
PMWS (PCV-2)
Porcine Corona
90
Interstitial pneumonia is highly suggestive of what etiologic agent? (fungal, bacterial, viral, parasitic)
Viral
91
Fibrinous pneumonia in pigs?
Glasser's disease (H. parsuis)
92
Often fatal pneumonia of pigs affecting the dorsal area of the caudal lung. Lesions are severe and hemorrhagic.
Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumoniae (Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia)
93
Most common causes of infectious pneumonia in dogs?
Canine Distemper
Infectious tracheobronchitis
(CAV2, CHV1 and influenza can all cause pneumonia as well)
94
Most common causes of non-infectious pneumonia in dogs?
Uremia
| Paraquat
95
Are URI or pneumonias more common in cats
Upper Respiratory Infections
96
Lung worm in cats?
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
97
T/F pulmonary neoplasia are common in animals
False
98
Pulmonary neoplasia are most common in what species?
Dogs and Cats
99
Most common neoplasm in lungs?
Metastasis
100
Snuffles in rabbits?
P. multocida
