Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathology 2 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

If a pituitary mass is compressing the neurohypophysis what disease can result?

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of adrenal tumors without Cushing’s?

A

Adrenocortical andenoma/carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
Metastatic mammary carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cause of rubber jaw?

A

Nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do Cushings patients smell?

A

UTI and pyoderma from immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lesions seen with hypopituitarism?

A

Pituitary cyst
No differentiationof the pars distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of bilateral adrenocortical atrophy?

A 
Primary = Lymphocytic adrenalitis
Secondary = Iatrogenic loss of anterior pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Calcinosus cutis is pathognomonic for what disease?

A

Cushings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of Cushings cases are pituitary dependent? AKA secondary Cushings disease

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs of PPID in horses?

A

Hirsuitism
PU/PD
Polyphagia
Hyperhidrosis
Insulion resistance
Abnormal fat deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in dogs?

A

Very poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are there clinical signs from ferret adrenal neoplasms?

A

Hyperestrogenism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cause of hypoparathyroidism?

A

A lesion that wipes out all parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What species gets cataracts with DM?

A

Dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes hyperplasia of the thyroid?

A

Increased TSH stimulating the thyroid gland due to low T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

PTH producing neoplasm
Adenomas (more common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cell types can pancreas neoplasms be derived from?

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can we tell an ademona vs. adenocarcinoma of the adrenal gland?

A

Histopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Effect of steroid medication on the adrenal glands?

A

Atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Degeneration and necrosis has what effect on endocrine tissues?

A

Hypo-processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inflammation/Repair causes what pathological process on endocrine tissues?

A

Mostly hypo-processes
Graves disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of pseudo-hyperparathyroidism?

A

PTH-RP producing neoplasm (T-cell lymphoma or apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of adrenal tumors are malignant?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What lesion will you see with diabetes mellitus?

A

Beta cell degeneration
Beta cell amyloidosis
Islet-itis
Chronic pancreatitis
Islet cell hypoplasia
Or none of the above and simply have insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why does Cushings cause PU/PD?

A

Interference with ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Decreased ACTH will have what effect on the adrenal glands?
Hypoplastic
20
What percentage of adrenocortical tumors are bilateral?
10%
21
What is the clinical term for bilateral hypertrophy or hyperplasia?
Goiter
21
What is the clinical syndrome of hypoinsulinism?
Diabetes mellitus
22
Malignant disorders of growth cause what pathological process?
Hypo-processes
22
Cushings is also known as?
Hyperadrenocorticism
22
Causes of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's)?
``` Cortisol secreting adrenal cortes neoplasm Pituitary adenoma (chromotroph, ACTH-secreting) ```
22
What percentage of hyperthyroidism in cats in bilateral?
70%
24
Who the fuck cares?
Not me
25
What are the causes of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's)?
``` Primary = atrophy caused by idiopathic or adrenalitis Secondary = hypopituitarism (cyst or neoplasm) or exogenous steroids ```
26
What do beta cells produce along with insulin?
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
27
What is missing from the thyroid gland in an animal with goiter?
Colloid
29
Nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia is caused by?
Increased cortisol - often a senile change
30
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism in cats?
Adenomatoud hyperplasia
31
Conn's syndrome affects what zone of the adrenal gland?
Zona glomerulosa (mineralcorticoids are affected)
32
Why does hypopituitarism cause dwarfism in growing animals?
Lack of growth hormone
33
Hypoadrenocorticism causes what disease?
Addison's
35
What are the most common neoplasms of Ferrets?
1 - insulinoma 2 - adrenal 3 - lymphoma
36
What is produced in the zona fasciculata?
Glucocorticoids Androgens
37
What effect will Cushings have on blood pressure?
Increased due to hypertension
38
What causes some goats with goiter to be hairless?
Lack of thyroxine which is needed for hair cycle and growth
39
Cause of PPID?
Pars intermedia pituitary adenoma
41
Functionally inactive pituitary adenoma will cause what?
Decreased ACTH production
42
Most common pancreatic tumor?
Insulin secreting Beta cell tumor
44
Amyloidosis causes what pathological process in endocrine tissues?
Hypo-processes
45
Are all adrenocortical tumors Cushings?
No
47
Benign disorders of growth cause what pathological process?
Hyper-processes
48
Are most pancreatic islet cell tumors endocrinologically active?
Yes
50
Severe cases of hypothyroidism in dogs can lead to what conditions?
Myxedema Atherosclerosis (depisit of lipid within the artery walls)
51
External cause of Cushing's?
Steroid medication
52
The majority of pituitary adenomas affect what part of the pituitary?
Pars distalis Pars intermedia in horses
53
What effect will Cushings disease have on the liver?
Steroid hepatopathy Vacuolar hepatocellular degeneration
54
T/F: The more malignant a thyroid tumor, the more likely the thyroid is to be active?
False
55
What effect will Ferret adrenal neoplasms have on cortisol?
Normal haha i gotcha didnt i?
56
Patients with DM also have this condition from overstimulation of beta cells?
Amyloidosis from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
57
What is the normal cortex:medulla ration of the adrenal gland?
1:1
58
T/F: Most proliferative thyroid lesions in cats are productive?
True
59
Endocrine cause of neuronal necrosis?
Beta cell tumor causing hypoglycemia
61
If you have a functional hyperadrenocorticism, what will the opposite adrenal gland look like?
Atrophied
62
Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
High P Low Ca Reduced calcitriol Low vitamin D3
63
Most common pathological process affecting the endocrine system?
Disorders of growth
63
Causes of low T4 and increased TSH?
Iodine deficiency or excess Goiterogenic substances Congenital dyshormonogenic goiter
65
Will you expect adrenocortical hyperplasia in a horse with PPID?
No
66
Causes of hypothyroidism in dogs?
Atrophy Thyroiditis Bilateral thyroid carcinoma Pituitary adenoma
67
Are most islet cell tumors benign or malignant?
Malignant
68
Why do Cushings patients have a pendulous abdomen?
Hepatomegaly Muscle atrophy Redistribution of fat
70
Most common thyroid lesion in dogs?
Carcinoma
71
Which is more common? Pituitary adenoma or pituitary carcinoma?
Pituitary adenoma
72
What predisposes Ferrets to adrenal neoplasms?
Early gonadectomization
73
What zone of the adrenal gland is affected by Ferret adrenal neoplasms?
Zona reticularis
75
Hyperaldosteronism in cats causes what syndrome?
Conn's syndrome
76
T/F: You need to do histo in order to differentiate between adenoma and carcinoma?
True
77
Tumors of the thyroid can arise from what 3 cell types?
Follicular cells Epithelial cells Calcitonin cells
78
What is a possible cause of endocrine inflammation?
Immune mediated in dogs Just thyroid and adrenal glands
79
What is the most common endocrine disorder in fish?
Goiter
80
What are some goiterogenic substances?
Brassica plants Sulfonamides Thiocyanate
81
What percentage of Cushings cases are adrenal dependent? AKA primary Cushings disease
15%
82
Adrenocortical tumors in dogs affect what part of the adrenal gland?
Zona fasciculata
83
A sheep with goiter will have what pathological process?
Hypothyroid or euthyroid
84
What pathological process can we classify these? malformations Hypoplasia/ atrophy Hyperplasia/ hypertrophy Neoplasia (tumors)
DISORDERS OF GROWTH by far the most common exocrine disorders
85
Female K9 comes into clinic with _alopecia_ **(bilateral symmetry)**, polyphgia, PU/PD, pot belly, and just STANKS like the dirty bitch that she is. What kind of pathological process can we suspect
**DISORDERS OF GROWTH **
86
Describe grossly and histologically **(MDx)** what a liver in a cushing's K9 would look like
**Grossly:** pale-yellow color friable (cracks), Fatty liver, plump round margins **Histologically:** Hepatocytes filled with lipid and glycogen **MDx: **Vacuolar hepatocellular degeneration - by steriod hepatopathy (increase cortisol release)
87
Zones of the adrenal gland and what do they secrete
**Zona glomerulosa - **mineralcorticoids **Zona fasciculata - **glucocorticoids, androgen **Zona reticularis - **glucocorticoids, androgen **(ACT** acts on both **zona fsciculata** and **zona reticularis)**
88
What zone of the adrenal cortex do most adrenocortical tumors arise from?
**Zona Fasciculata**
89
Trifactor clinical signs associated hyperadrenocorticism - Cushings disease ?
**Hepatomegaly** **muscle atrophy** **fat redistribution ** - neck pad fat
90
If there is an adrenal tumor stimulating cortisol, what can we suspect the other adrenal gland to look like if functional?
**Cortical Atrophy** ## Footnote - the adrenal tumor is increasing cortisol in the body so the normal adrenal gland decreases its production/ activity resulting in atrophy** **

Pathology 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions