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ANA 512 Exam 3 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

the two divisions of the respiratory system

A

conducting portion, respiratory portion

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2
Q

What divides the respiratory portion from the conducting portion

A

the terminal bronchiole/ respiratory bronchiole junction

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3
Q

conchae (konk-eye)

A

the three shelf-like bones of each side of the nasal cavity

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4
Q

respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells

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5
Q

what swells up in the nose to prevent air from passing through both sides (prevent drying)

A

the large veins in the lamina propria form an erectile tissue: SWELL BODIES

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6
Q

mucoperiosteum

A

the direct connection between the lamina propria of the nose and the periosteum of the nasal bones

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7
Q

what is the sensing portion of the olfactory receptor cells called

A

dendrite

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8
Q

where do the protein receptors for oderiferous molecules lie

A

in the stereocilia of olfactory cell knobs

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9
Q

the 3 types of cells in olfactory epithelium

A

1) olfacctory 2) sustentaculer (supporting) cells 3) basal cells

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10
Q

what is the morphology of sustentacular cells

A

goblet-like with micovili

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11
Q

what is the function of basal nasal epithelial cells

A

they serve as stem cells for both supportive and olfactory cells

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12
Q

Bowman’s glands

A

lamina propria-residing, they secrete the serous fluid to solvate molecules for olfactory detection

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13
Q

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

the structure through which the unmyelinated olfactory axons (and other axons) pass to synapse with the olfactory bulb

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14
Q

what type of cartilage supports the epilottis

A

elastic cartilage

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15
Q

what type of epithelium make up the two sides of the epiglottis

A

the anterior side is stratified squamous, the posterior side is respiratory

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16
Q

what type of cartilage supports the trachea

A

hyaline cartilage (~20 C- shaped rings)

17
Q

composition of trachea and bronchi lamina propria

A

lymph nodules, elastic fibers

18
Q

which tunic of the trachea and bronchi produces most of its mucous

A

the submucosal (SEROMUCOUS GLANDS)

19
Q

extrapulmonary (primary) bronchi description

A

same as trachea

20
Q

what type of cartilage supports intrapulmonary (secondary, tertiary, etc.) bronchi

A

islands of hyaline cartilage supported by smooth muscle

21
Q

epithelium that distinguish bronchioles from bronchi

A

no cartilage, simple ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium,

22
Q

how do bronchioles remain open

A

they do not. they are only open during inspiration assisted partially by smooth muscle

23
Q

pulmonary lobule

A

the terminal bronchiole and all its remaining branches/ducts/alveoli

24
Q

what other epithelial cell is found besides simple cuboidal/columnar in the bronchioles? What are their function?

A

Clara cells- they excrete surfactant-like fluid

25
Q

appearance of Clara cells

A

they jut out into the lumen, are non-ciliated, with apical granules, and have many mitochondria

26
Q

Pneumocyte type I

A

thin simple squamous epithelium of alveolus

27
Q

Pneumocyte type II

A

round surfactant-producing alveolar cell (foamy cytoplasm)

28
Q

tubular myelin bodies

A

granules (lamellar bodies) that hold the phosolipid surfactant while inside the Pneumocyte type II cell. allow spreading into a monomolecular layer following excretion

29
Q

why is surfactant necessary

A

prevents total alveolar collapse during exhalation

30
Q

what two types of epithelium line a conchae?

A

upper: olfactory, lower: respiratory

31
Q

how do the nuclei of olfactory epithelia differ

A

sustenatory are oval, olfactory are round (neuron-like), basal are dense.

32
Q

TERMINAL BARS

A

junction of sustentacular cells below the microvillous apex

33
Q

trachealis

A

the smooth muscle behind the c-shaped cartilage of the trachea (between the esophagus and trachea)

34
Q

what musculature is present in the bronchi

A

muscularis mucosa

35
Q

what is lacking in bronchioles compared with bronchi?

A

no goblet cells or submucosal glands or lymph nodes or longitunial mucosal folds

36
Q

lamina propria component throughout the conducting system

A

elastic fibers

37
Q

INTERALVEOLAR SEPTUM- what is the most common structure and most common cell type

A

the space through which capillaries pass between the air-gas barriers of neighboring alveoli and macrophages congregate

38
Q

what structures does the air pass through to get to the capillary

A

monomolecular surfactant layer-> type I cell -> basement membrane of type I cell -> basement membrane of the endothelial cell -> endothelial cell

39
Q

dust cells

A

mature, nearly dead macrophages that are extruded into the alveolus and coughed up to be swallowed

ANA 512 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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