Respiratory Flashcards
the two divisions of the respiratory system
conducting portion, respiratory portion
What divides the respiratory portion from the conducting portion
the terminal bronchiole/ respiratory bronchiole junction
conchae (konk-eye)
the three shelf-like bones of each side of the nasal cavity
respiratory epithelium
pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells
what swells up in the nose to prevent air from passing through both sides (prevent drying)
the large veins in the lamina propria form an erectile tissue: SWELL BODIES
mucoperiosteum
the direct connection between the lamina propria of the nose and the periosteum of the nasal bones
what is the sensing portion of the olfactory receptor cells called
dendrite
where do the protein receptors for oderiferous molecules lie
in the stereocilia of olfactory cell knobs
the 3 types of cells in olfactory epithelium
1) olfacctory 2) sustentaculer (supporting) cells 3) basal cells
what is the morphology of sustentacular cells
goblet-like with micovili
what is the function of basal nasal epithelial cells
they serve as stem cells for both supportive and olfactory cells
Bowman’s glands
lamina propria-residing, they secrete the serous fluid to solvate molecules for olfactory detection
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
the structure through which the unmyelinated olfactory axons (and other axons) pass to synapse with the olfactory bulb
what type of cartilage supports the epilottis
elastic cartilage
what type of epithelium make up the two sides of the epiglottis
the anterior side is stratified squamous, the posterior side is respiratory
what type of cartilage supports the trachea
hyaline cartilage (~20 C- shaped rings)
composition of trachea and bronchi lamina propria
lymph nodules, elastic fibers
which tunic of the trachea and bronchi produces most of its mucous
the submucosal (SEROMUCOUS GLANDS)
extrapulmonary (primary) bronchi description
same as trachea
what type of cartilage supports intrapulmonary (secondary, tertiary, etc.) bronchi
islands of hyaline cartilage supported by smooth muscle
epithelium that distinguish bronchioles from bronchi
no cartilage, simple ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium,
how do bronchioles remain open
they do not. they are only open during inspiration assisted partially by smooth muscle
pulmonary lobule
the terminal bronchiole and all its remaining branches/ducts/alveoli
what other epithelial cell is found besides simple cuboidal/columnar in the bronchioles? What are their function?
Clara cells- they excrete surfactant-like fluid
appearance of Clara cells
they jut out into the lumen, are non-ciliated, with apical granules, and have many mitochondria
Pneumocyte type I
thin simple squamous epithelium of alveolus
Pneumocyte type II
round surfactant-producing alveolar cell (foamy cytoplasm)
tubular myelin bodies
granules (lamellar bodies) that hold the phosolipid surfactant while inside the Pneumocyte type II cell. allow spreading into a monomolecular layer following excretion
why is surfactant necessary
prevents total alveolar collapse during exhalation
what two types of epithelium line a conchae?
upper: olfactory, lower: respiratory
how do the nuclei of olfactory epithelia differ
sustenatory are oval, olfactory are round (neuron-like), basal are dense.
TERMINAL BARS
junction of sustentacular cells below the microvillous apex
trachealis
the smooth muscle behind the c-shaped cartilage of the trachea (between the esophagus and trachea)
what musculature is present in the bronchi
muscularis mucosa
what is lacking in bronchioles compared with bronchi?
no goblet cells or submucosal glands or lymph nodes or longitunial mucosal folds
lamina propria component throughout the conducting system
elastic fibers
INTERALVEOLAR SEPTUM- what is the most common structure and most common cell type
the space through which capillaries pass between the air-gas barriers of neighboring alveoli and macrophages congregate
what structures does the air pass through to get to the capillary
monomolecular surfactant layer-> type I cell -> basement membrane of type I cell -> basement membrane of the endothelial cell -> endothelial cell
dust cells
mature, nearly dead macrophages that are extruded into the alveolus and coughed up to be swallowed
