integument

Question 0

basale layer of epidermis

Answer 0

Stratum Germinativum

Question 1

Cells occupying the Stratum Germinativum

Answer 1

Melanocytes, Langerhans, Merkel

Question 2

purpose of melanin

Answer 2

protects DNA of germinal cells of stratum gerinativum

Question 3

function of Langerhans cells

Answer 3

antigen presentation - they migrate through the dermis to lymph nodes and interact with helper T cells

Question 4

the layers of the epidermis from bottom to top

Answer 4

germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

Question 5

what cell type is partcular to the spinosum

Answer 5

prickle cells anchored to one another by tonofilaments making tonofibrils called prekeratin. Prickle cells distribute tesile stress.

Question 6

function of Merkel cell

Answer 6

paracrine mechanorececptors. may migrate up to spinosum. associate with free nerve endings of cutaneous sensory receptors

Question 7

keratohyalin

Answer 7

soft keratin mixed with a few other proteins that cause the granulosum to stain basophilic

Question 8

which layer is only predominant in thick skin

Answer 8

lucidum.

Question 9

cells that occupy lucidum

Answer 9

dead keratinocytes filled with keratin filaments and a few organelles

Question 10

Psoriasis

Answer 10

extreme turn over of keratinocytes (a week) do not allow cohesive corneum layer

Question 11

what layer is most noticeable in thick skin

Answer 11

corneum

Question 12

what is the specific tissue of dermis

Answer 12

dense irregular CT

Question 13

Rete pegs

Answer 13

epidermal reaching into the dermis

Question 14

Papillae

Answer 14

dermis projections into the epidermis

Question 15

3 components of the DE Junction

Answer 15

hemidesmosomes, basalamina, CT fibers (collagen type 1)

Question 16

2 layers of the dermis

Answer 16

papillary loose CT (more collagen type 3, capillary loops), reticular dermis dense irregular CT (more collagen type 1, capillary and nerve networks)

Question 17

the plexuses from bottom to top

Answer 17

subcutaneous, cutaneous, subpapillary

Question 18

what type of specific tissue is the hypodermis (AKA superficial fascia)

Answer 18

adipose

Question 19

to what layers do hair follicles descend

Answer 19

the dermis and hypodermis

Question 21

layers of a hair follicle from the outside to inside

Answer 21

CT sheath, external root sheath, internal root sheath, shaft (cuticle, cortex, medulla)

Question 21

which parts of a hair contain which types of keratin

Answer 21

from the inside out: medulla is soft, cortex is hard, internal root sheath is soft

Question 22

how long are the growing and resting phases of hair follicles

Answer 22

growth phase 2-6 years, resting phase 2-6 months

Question 23

myoepitheilium

Answer 23

epithelial cells with contractile properties that surround the secretory portion of sweat glands. a thick basement membrane lies beneath.

Question 24

entire cell is secreted

Answer 24

holocrine (sebaceuous)

Question 25

muscle that makes hair stand on end and squeezes the sebaceous gland

Answer 25

arrector pilli

Question 26

the only skin appendage in thick skin

Answer 26

eccrine sweat gland

Question 27

secretions are made via exocytosis

Answer 27

merocrine (eccrine, apocrine)

Question 28

4 cell types of eccrine glands

Answer 28

low columnar clear cells (water, salts), low columnar dark cells (glycoprotein), myoepithelium, stratified cuboidal duct cells

Question 29

eponychium

Answer 29

the cuticle (superior to the nail groove)

Question 30

how do apocrine glands differ from eccrine glands (3 reasons)

Answer 30

1. they are found only in specific body regions 2.open onto the hair follicle
2. wider lumens

Question 32

pacinian (patchinian) corpuscles

Answer 32

DEEP pressure unmyelinated nerve of thick skin; Ct capsule around onionbulb modified Schwann capsules (perineural epithelium) around the terminals in the dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneuous)

Question 33

which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyaline?

Answer 33

stratum granulosa

Question 34

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 34

SENSITIVE mechanoreceptors found in dermal papilla of thick skin encapsulated by CT. contain several axon terminals and stacks of modified Schwann cells

Question 35

3 layers lining hair follicle

Answer 35

conn tissue sheath, external root sheath (epitheilium of hair follicle) , internal root sheath (soft keratin proximal to the hair)

Question 35

nerve structure in Meissner’s

Answer 35

2 to 9 myelinated fibers enter at the base and sides, branch repeatedly and terminate on the receptor cells

Question 36

where does one find connective tissue papilla?

Answer 36

base of hair root just below the MATRIX, dermal region

Question 38

Where can one find free sensory nerve endings of skin

Answer 38

in the papillary dermis, epidermis, may be assoc with Merkel cells or hair follicles - pain, and fine touch

Question 39

What adnexa are found in the hypodermis

Answer 39

sebaceous glands and hair follicles and eccrine sweat glands

Question 39

Which plexus is found in the hypdermis

Answer 39

subcutaneous

Question 40

what is the purpose of AV shunts

Answer 40

they facilitate bypass of the subpapillary plexus to control body heat

Question 42

what structures of the skin are made of stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 42

ducts of sweat glands

Question 43

what is the functional structural unit of the skin

Answer 43

the keratinocyte