Respiratory

Question 0

Name types of Bronchodilators (Bat)

Answer 0

Beta 2 Agonist- short/fast acting(20mins) (last 2-4hrs)
                           long acting (relief up to 12hrs)

Anticholinergics- turns of PNS long acting

Theophylline (fee-off-line)- long acting 1-4times daily

Question 1

What 2 types of respiratory medications?

Answer 1

Bronchodilators and AntiInflammatory

Question 2

Name some familiar bronchodilators medications- short acting

Answer 2

Salbutamol
Levosalbutamol
Pirbuterol
Ephedrine
Terbutaline

Question 3

Name some familiar bronchodilators medications- long acting

Answer 3

Salmeterol
Clenbuterol
Formoterol
Bambuterol
Indacaterol

Question 4

What is SNS

Answer 4

Sympathetic Nervous System(scared) - “fight or flight” blood travels to the body’s heart, brain, lungs and muscles.
Anticholinergic drugs blocks the PNS-(3s)

Question 5

What is the PNS

Answer 5

Parasympathetic Nervous System(pare down)- Rest and digest were blood flows to the GI Tract, Kidneys(pee) etc
PNS=3s

Question 6

What is the autonomic Nervous System

Answer 6

Is involuntary nervous system. Unconscious body function and actions.
It has 2 parts:

SNS- reduce blood flow to intestines! heart rate increased, sweat glands increased(cool body) etc

PNS- increased blood flow to intestines, low heart rate, increased saliva glands(digestion) etc

Question 7

Spirometry Test(blow) measures what

Answer 7

Measures volume and speed flow.
FEV1 is the amount of expiratory volume of air you can blow out within 1 Second.
FVC is the forced vital capacity which is the total amount of air that you can blow out in 1 Breath.
FEV1 divided by FVC (FEV1/FVC)

Question 8

COPD Stage: Spirometry Test(blow) results

Answer 8

Show 4 main patterns-
Normal
An obstructive pattern
A restrictive pattern
A combined obstructive/restrictive pattern

Refer to wall chart for readings

Question 9

Spirometry Test(blow) can diagnose what

Answer 9

COPD and Asthma

Question 10

Spirometry Test(blow) diagnoses readings are

Answer 10

If your FEV1 is less than 80% of the predicted value of your age, sex and size or your FEV1/FVC ratio is 0.7 or less you are likely to have respiratory narrowed airways disease.

COPD:
Mild- FEV1 is 80%
Moderate-FEV1 is 50-79%
Severe- FEV1 is 30-49%
Very severe- FEV1 is less than 30%

Question 11

Name some Anti-inflammatory types of medications. (CIL)

Answer 11

Steroids- mgmt which reduces inflammation, swelling and mucus production by suppressing the immune system(wbc’s).

Corticosteroids- liquid inhaler, dry powder inhaler, nebuliser, tablets, topical creams.

Immunomodulators- regulate or change the function of the immune system. It may act as a suppressant or a stimuli to the immune system.

Leukotriene modifiers- medication used to block a chemical reaction were leukotriene causes tightening of airway muscles, excess muscus production and fluid due to a trigger.

Question 12

Types of corticosteroids are

Answer 12

Hydrocortisone- inflammation in joints and tendons

Prednisolone- allergic or autoimmune conditions

Dexamthasone- serious breathing problems

Question 13

What is Acute Respiratory Failure

Answer 13

When the body is unable to receive enough O2 or remove CO2 from the it

Question 14

ARF- explain the 2 processes

Answer 14

1. Ventilation(breath in) the mechanics i.e
   Muscular problem- diaphragm or muscle injury
   Neuro problem- neck injury, medications(opioids), particular diseases
   COPD, Pulmonary Emboli, Pulmonary Odema(block gas exchange)
2. Quality(exchange O2 and CO2)
   Decreased O2 carried by haemoglobin i.e
   Low atmosphere oxygen(mountain climbing)
   Inhalation of toxic fumes

Question 15

What does ARF lead on to

Answer 15

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 16

ARDS is what

Answer 16

Acute injury to the lungs that results in alveolar flooding. Wide spread inflammation of the lungs that will cause alveoli to collapse due to pressure. Life threatening!!

Question 17

What cause ARDS

Answer 17

Near drowning
Shock
Inhalation of toxic fumes
Sepsis
Trauma
Respiratory infection- pneumonia

Question 18

ARDS treatment

Answer 18

Steroids- reduce inflammation
Antibiotics- prevent infection occurring
Mobility of patient- turn patient 45 and 90 degrees angle to encourage fluid(sputum) movement rising to oral cavity.
No diuretics
No iv fluids

Question 19

Perfusion means

Answer 19

The process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed.

Question 20

Homeostasis

Answer 20

It is the process that maintains stability of the human body. i.e
Regulation of body temperature
Balance between acidity and alkalinity(ph)
Regulate blood glucose
Kidneys remove excess waste
Dehydration produces dry mouth to encourage drinking fluids
Reduction in oxygen in blood falls it increases heart rate and rate of respiration.

Question 21

Stridor can indicate what

Answer 21

It can usually indicate tracheal or bronchial obstruction.
Possible: 
Tumour
Inflammation- tuberculosis
Anaphylaxis
Trauma
Acute laryngitis
Laryngospasms

Question 22

Wheezing can indicate what

Answer 22

It can indicate:
narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles, a lot of muscus in the airways, abnormal growth(Tumour).
Asthma
COPD
Bronchiolitis- pulmonary infection.