Respiratory Flashcards
Name types of Bronchodilators (Bat)
Beta 2 Agonist- short/fast acting(20mins) (last 2-4hrs)
long acting (relief up to 12hrs)
Anticholinergics- turns of PNS long acting
Theophylline (fee-off-line)- long acting 1-4times daily
What 2 types of respiratory medications?
Bronchodilators and AntiInflammatory
Name some familiar bronchodilators medications- short acting
Salbutamol Levosalbutamol Pirbuterol Ephedrine Terbutaline
Name some familiar bronchodilators medications- long acting
Salmeterol Clenbuterol Formoterol Bambuterol Indacaterol
What is SNS
Sympathetic Nervous System(scared) - “fight or flight” blood travels to the body’s heart, brain, lungs and muscles.
Anticholinergic drugs blocks the PNS-(3s)
What is the PNS
Parasympathetic Nervous System(pare down)- Rest and digest were blood flows to the GI Tract, Kidneys(pee) etc
PNS=3s
What is the autonomic Nervous System
Is involuntary nervous system. Unconscious body function and actions.
It has 2 parts:
SNS- reduce blood flow to intestines! heart rate increased, sweat glands increased(cool body) etc
PNS- increased blood flow to intestines, low heart rate, increased saliva glands(digestion) etc
Spirometry Test(blow) measures what
Measures volume and speed flow.
FEV1 is the amount of expiratory volume of air you can blow out within 1 Second.
FVC is the forced vital capacity which is the total amount of air that you can blow out in 1 Breath.
FEV1 divided by FVC (FEV1/FVC)
COPD Stage: Spirometry Test(blow) results
Show 4 main patterns- Normal An obstructive pattern A restrictive pattern A combined obstructive/restrictive pattern
Refer to wall chart for readings
Spirometry Test(blow) can diagnose what
COPD and Asthma
Spirometry Test(blow) diagnoses readings are
If your FEV1 is less than 80% of the predicted value of your age, sex and size or your FEV1/FVC ratio is 0.7 or less you are likely to have respiratory narrowed airways disease.
COPD: Mild- FEV1 is 80% Moderate-FEV1 is 50-79% Severe- FEV1 is 30-49% Very severe- FEV1 is less than 30%
Name some Anti-inflammatory types of medications. (CIL)
Steroids- mgmt which reduces inflammation, swelling and mucus production by suppressing the immune system(wbc’s).
Corticosteroids- liquid inhaler, dry powder inhaler, nebuliser, tablets, topical creams.
Immunomodulators- regulate or change the function of the immune system. It may act as a suppressant or a stimuli to the immune system.
Leukotriene modifiers- medication used to block a chemical reaction were leukotriene causes tightening of airway muscles, excess muscus production and fluid due to a trigger.
Types of corticosteroids are
Hydrocortisone- inflammation in joints and tendons
Prednisolone- allergic or autoimmune conditions
Dexamthasone- serious breathing problems
What is Acute Respiratory Failure
When the body is unable to receive enough O2 or remove CO2 from the it
ARF- explain the 2 processes
- Ventilation(breath in) the mechanics i.e
Muscular problem- diaphragm or muscle injury
Neuro problem- neck injury, medications(opioids), particular diseases
COPD, Pulmonary Emboli, Pulmonary Odema(block gas exchange) - Quality(exchange O2 and CO2)
Decreased O2 carried by haemoglobin i.e
Low atmosphere oxygen(mountain climbing)
Inhalation of toxic fumes
What does ARF lead on to
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ARDS is what
Acute injury to the lungs that results in alveolar flooding. Wide spread inflammation of the lungs that will cause alveoli to collapse due to pressure. Life threatening!!
What cause ARDS
Near drowning Shock Inhalation of toxic fumes Sepsis Trauma Respiratory infection- pneumonia
ARDS treatment
Steroids- reduce inflammation Antibiotics- prevent infection occurring Mobility of patient- turn patient 45 and 90 degrees angle to encourage fluid(sputum) movement rising to oral cavity. No diuretics No iv fluids
Perfusion means
The process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed.
Homeostasis
It is the process that maintains stability of the human body. i.e
Regulation of body temperature
Balance between acidity and alkalinity(ph)
Regulate blood glucose
Kidneys remove excess waste
Dehydration produces dry mouth to encourage drinking fluids
Reduction in oxygen in blood falls it increases heart rate and rate of respiration.
Stridor can indicate what
It can usually indicate tracheal or bronchial obstruction. Possible: Tumour Inflammation- tuberculosis Anaphylaxis Trauma Acute laryngitis Laryngospasms
Wheezing can indicate what
It can indicate: narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles, a lot of muscus in the airways, abnormal growth(Tumour). Asthma COPD Bronchiolitis- pulmonary infection.
