Fluids

Question 0

What is negative and positive fluid balance

Answer 0

Negative- less fluid intake than urine/vomiting/diarrhoea output.

Positive- more fluid intake than output.

Reduced urine output- Oliguria

Question 1

Body fluid is made up of

Answer 1

Fluids contains on average 52-60% body weight.
2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular fluid which is divided into plasma and interstial fluid.
Fluid circulates between areas by diffusion( usually a passive movement of high concentration to low concentration).

Question 2

Dehydration can cause

Answer 2

Impaired cognitive function
Headaches
Fatigue
Less elasticity in skin
Oliguria
Cold hands and feet
Hypotension
Tachycardia

Question 3

What cause dehydration

Answer 3

Dementia/cognitive impairment
Fluid restrictions- due to heart failure
Incontinence- Fear of drinking due to incontinence, poor mobility etc
Polyuria- excessive amounts of urine production usually caused by hyperglycaemia(excessive glucose in the blood stream)
Haemorrhaging 
Excessive sweating/fever
Nausea/vomiting
Burns

Question 4

Fluid overload is caused by

Answer 4

Renal impairment
Liver disease
Heart failure

Question 5

Chronic fluid over load signs/symptoms are

Answer 5

Fatigue
Dyspnoea- difficulty breathing due to pulmonary oedema, persistent cough
Pitting Oedema- ankle swelling
Tachycardia

Question 6

Heart failure symptoms

Answer 6

Tachycardia

Left side heart- back up of fluid in lungs(pulmonary oedema), breathlessness, cough, not enough blood throughout body causing weakness throughout body

Right side heart- back up fluid build in body causing oedema in legs, tiredness