Respiratory Flashcards
Bronchiectasis (what is it)
permanent dilation of bronchi–> infection/destruction of bronchial wall
Bronchiectasis (Causes)
local airway obstruction, lung infection, CF, immunodeficiency, toxic gases
Bronchiectasis (S/S)
fever, infection, coughing, foul smelling sputum, hemoptysis, weight loss, anemia, dyspnea, cyanosis
Cystic Fibrosis (what is it)
mucoviscidosis;autosomal recessive genetic defect; young dx;EXOCRINE glands and thick mucus
Cystic Fibrosis (S/S)
barrel chest, digital clubbing, scarring, chronic inflammation, fluid buildup in interstitial space (edema), destroys pancreas (develop diabetes), liver failure, malabsorption of fats/carbs/proteins–>steatorrhea, R sided HF (Cor pulmonale), hyponatremia, hypocholoremia, large appetite
Cystic Fibrosis (Dx)
sweat test, genetic screening, chest X-ray, stool sample (fatty)
Pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
Pulmonary artery
Deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Pulmonary Hypertension (what is it)
increased pressure in pulmonary circulation >30/12 (nL: 28/8); R ventricle can’t get blood to lungs, Autosomal DOMINANT
Pulmonary Hypertension (S/S)
Murmur (S3/S4), dyspnea, JVD, chest pain, dizzyness, syncope (fainting), cough, left side edema
Pulmonary Hyptertension
Dx
EKG, aterial blood gas, V/Q scan, chest X-ray, Echo, Cardiac Cath, Pulmonary angiography
Pulmonary Hypertension (causes)
primary: unknown cause; secondary: COPD, chronic brobchitis, emphysema, CF, hypoventilation
Cor Pulmonale (what is it)
disturbance in pulmonary circulation resulting in R ventricular dysfunction; R sided heart failure caused by something from lungs
Cor Pulmonale (causes)
Acute: dilation of R ventricle s/t pulmonary hypertension/embolism; Chronic: hypertrophy and dilation of R ventricle from pulmonary disease
Cor Pulmonale (S/S)
cough, dyspnea on exertion, JVD, atypical chest pain, rhonchi/wheezing, cyanosis, heptomegaly, acscites
Cor Pulmonale (Tx)
low flow O2, bronchodilators, diuretics, vasodilators, cardiac cath,
NO SEDATIVES/RESP DEPRESSANTS
Pleural effusion (what is it)
too much fluid in pleural space; >15mL; 2 types of fluid (transudate and exudate)
Transudate fluid
clear watery fluid w/ low protein; systemic; caused by increased pressure on pulmonary veins d/t heart failure, low serum albumin
Exudate fluid
fluid high in protein and cellular content; local; causes: chest trauma, air, inflammatory pneumonia/Tb, chylothorax
Capillary Dynamics
Venous end- pulls fluid in, OP>HP; Arterial end- pushes fluid out, HP>OP
Pleural Effusion (S/S)
sharp stabbing pain worse with breathing, pleural friction rub, dyspnea, tachypnea, reduced breath sounds, MEDINASTINAL SHIFT
Pleural effusion (Dx)
thoracentesis, cone biopsy, Chest Tube, Pleurodesis (fusing visceral and parietal pleura together- last ditch effort)
Pneumothorax (what is it)
rapid accumulation of air and collapse of lung; normal pressure in pleural space is negative
Pneumothorax (causes)
any opening into the pleural space through the visceral pleura, chest wall, or mediastinum
