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Patho Exam 3 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchiectasis (what is it)

A

permanent dilation of bronchi–> infection/destruction of bronchial wall

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2
Q

Bronchiectasis (Causes)

A

local airway obstruction, lung infection, CF, immunodeficiency, toxic gases

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3
Q

Bronchiectasis (S/S)

A

fever, infection, coughing, foul smelling sputum, hemoptysis, weight loss, anemia, dyspnea, cyanosis

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4
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (what is it)

A

mucoviscidosis;autosomal recessive genetic defect; young dx;EXOCRINE glands and thick mucus

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5
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (S/S)

A

barrel chest, digital clubbing, scarring, chronic inflammation, fluid buildup in interstitial space (edema), destroys pancreas (develop diabetes), liver failure, malabsorption of fats/carbs/proteins–>steatorrhea, R sided HF (Cor pulmonale), hyponatremia, hypocholoremia, large appetite

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6
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (Dx)

A

sweat test, genetic screening, chest X-ray, stool sample (fatty)

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7
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

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8
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

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9
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension (what is it)

A

increased pressure in pulmonary circulation >30/12 (nL: 28/8); R ventricle can’t get blood to lungs, Autosomal DOMINANT

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10
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension (S/S)

A

Murmur (S3/S4), dyspnea, JVD, chest pain, dizzyness, syncope (fainting), cough, left side edema

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11
Q

Pulmonary Hyptertension

Dx

A

EKG, aterial blood gas, V/Q scan, chest X-ray, Echo, Cardiac Cath, Pulmonary angiography

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12
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension (causes)

A

primary: unknown cause; secondary: COPD, chronic brobchitis, emphysema, CF, hypoventilation

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13
Q

Cor Pulmonale (what is it)

A

disturbance in pulmonary circulation resulting in R ventricular dysfunction; R sided heart failure caused by something from lungs

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14
Q

Cor Pulmonale (causes)

A

Acute: dilation of R ventricle s/t pulmonary hypertension/embolism; Chronic: hypertrophy and dilation of R ventricle from pulmonary disease

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15
Q

Cor Pulmonale (S/S)

A

cough, dyspnea on exertion, JVD, atypical chest pain, rhonchi/wheezing, cyanosis, heptomegaly, acscites

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16
Q

Cor Pulmonale (Tx)

A

low flow O2, bronchodilators, diuretics, vasodilators, cardiac cath,
NO SEDATIVES/RESP DEPRESSANTS

17
Q

Pleural effusion (what is it)

A

too much fluid in pleural space; >15mL; 2 types of fluid (transudate and exudate)

18
Q

Transudate fluid

A

clear watery fluid w/ low protein; systemic; caused by increased pressure on pulmonary veins d/t heart failure, low serum albumin

19
Q

Exudate fluid

A

fluid high in protein and cellular content; local; causes: chest trauma, air, inflammatory pneumonia/Tb, chylothorax

20
Q

Capillary Dynamics

A

Venous end- pulls fluid in, OP>HP; Arterial end- pushes fluid out, HP>OP

21
Q

Pleural Effusion (S/S)

A

sharp stabbing pain worse with breathing, pleural friction rub, dyspnea, tachypnea, reduced breath sounds, MEDINASTINAL SHIFT

22
Q

Pleural effusion (Dx)

A

thoracentesis, cone biopsy, Chest Tube, Pleurodesis (fusing visceral and parietal pleura together- last ditch effort)

23
Q

Pneumothorax (what is it)

A

rapid accumulation of air and collapse of lung; normal pressure in pleural space is negative

24
Q

Pneumothorax (causes)

A

any opening into the pleural space through the visceral pleura, chest wall, or mediastinum

25
Q

Types of Pneumothorax (6)

A

spontaneous (young males), closed (leak closes quickly), tension (lethal), open (injury), hydropneumothorax (transudate-water), hemopneumothorax (blood/air)

26
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

caused by rupture of Blebs, s/t emphysema, chest pain or shoulder pain worse with inpiration, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds

27
Q

Closed Pneumothorax

A

leak in visceral pleura closes quickly when lung partially collapsed; interferes least with respiration because opposite lung not affected

28
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

valve open during inspiration but closes on expiration; complete collapse of lung, prevents respiration, trachial deviation due to pressure build up, leads to cyanosis/shock/death

29
Q

Open Pneumothorax

A

large open chest wound, affected side doesn’t expand on inspiration, but expands on expiration; paradoxial breathing (opposite to normal pattern); from broken ribs

30
Q

Hydropneumothorax

A

transudate fluid, ait to top of lung, fluid to bottom, caused by incorrect IV placement

31
Q

Hemopneumothorax

A

chest trauma or surgery where blood vessels cut–> bleed into chest

32
Q

Chest Tube (thoractomy)

A

remove air/fluid from interstitial space; 3 chambers (suction, water seal, collection); bubbling present in suction chamber, tidaling present in water seal

33
Q

Care of Chest Tube

A

don’t milk tubing, don’t change dressing, never clamp, keep below chest level, encourage mobility, deep breathing exercises/coughing, VS Q15 x 4

Patho Exam 3 (3 decks)

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