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Patho Exam 3 > GI system > Flashcards

GI system Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for GI Disorders

A

family hx, laxatives, alcohol, tobacco, chronic stress, abdominal sugery/trauma, neuro disorders, DM, constipation

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2
Q

Barium Swallow

A

examines upper GI; laxatives and fluids after procedure (chalky white stool)

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3
Q

Barium Enema

A

examines lower GI; laxatives pre-procedure, liquid diet; post-procedure laxatives and fluids

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4
Q

Gastroscopy

A

endoscope through esophagus to visualize mucosal linning; Pre: IC, sedative, baseline vitals, NPO; Post:return of gag reflex, vitals, bleeding, pain

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5
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

endoscope to visualize colon; Pre: IC, liquid diet, laxatives; Post: temp, abd pain, rectal bleeding

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6
Q

Colonoscopy

A

endoscope to visualize lining of large intestine; Pre: IC, 48 hour liquid diet, Bowel Prep; Post:vitals, abd pain, fever, drainage, bleeding

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7
Q

Liver Biopsy

A

needle inserted through abdominal wall to liver; Pre: IC, sedative, lab results, NPO, supine/left side; Post:vitals, bleeding, peritonitis, 24 hr bed rest, position on right side

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8
Q

Paracentesis

A

remove fluid from peritoneal cavity (acitis); Pre:IC, void, girth measurements, sitting/prone; Post:vitals, bedrest, bleeding, hematuria

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9
Q

Alkaline Phosphate

A

increased with liver damage, billiary obstruction, not specific

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10
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

longer with liver damage

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11
Q

Serum Ammonia

A

ability of liver to deamiante protein by-products, higher level with liver failure

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12
Q

Liver Enzymes

A

elevated with liver damage; Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

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13
Q

GI Disorders (S/S)

A

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, hematemesis, hematochezia, melena, occult blood

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14
Q

Odynophagia

A

painful swalling

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15
Q

Achalasia

A

lower esophageal sphincter fails t relax and food stays in lower esophagus

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16
Q

Esophageal Diverticulum

A

pouching in esophageal wall; foul breath, gurgling, belching, coughing

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17
Q

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

A

longitudinal esophagal tears d/t vomiting

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18
Q

Gastoesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)- what is it

A

backward flow into esophagus, heart burn, weak e. sphincter, leads to irritation/erosion, pain radiates to throat/shoulder/neck, respiratory symptoms

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19
Q

GERD (Tx)

A

smaller meals, no alcohol/smoking, sit upright, no bending, lose weight

20
Q

Causes of Gastric Irritation/Ulcer Formation

A

aspirin/NSAIDS, H. pylori infection

21
Q

Acute Gastritis

A

inflammation of gastic mucosa; local irritants like bacteria, alcohol, aspirin

22
Q

Chronic Gastritis

A

absence of visible erosion; atrophy of glandular epithelium(H. pylori, autoimmune, multi-focal, chemical)

23
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

ulceration in the mucosal wall of stomach, pylorus, or duodenum; gastric & duodenal

24
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

ulcer in mucosal lining from stress, smoking, steroids, alcohol, family hx; sharp pain 1-2 hours after eating, N/V, hematemesis

25
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

break in mucose of duodemum; d/t alcohol, smoking, stress, caffeine, aspirin, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and infection with H. pylori ; burning pain 2-4 hours after eating; pain relieved by eating, distracts acid

26
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A

gastrinoma (tumor), malignant, S/S: diarrhea, impaired fat digestion, elevated serum gastrin, decrease in pH (hyperacidic)

27
Q

Gastric Cancer

A

abnormal growth; N/V, indigestion, pressure, dysphagia, fatigue, anemia, acities; d/t high starch/salt, smoking, alcohol, H. pylori, autoimmune, polyps

28
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

inadequate intake/absorption; S/S: pallor, fatigue, weight loss, beefy red tongue, jaundice, parathesias, imbalance

29
Q

Dumping Syndrome

A

rapid emptying into small intestine; S/S: N/V, cramps, fullness, diarrhea, tachycardia, perspiration, weakness, Borborygmi(?)

30
Q

Irritable Bowl Syndrome (IBS)

A

peristent abd pain, flatulence, bloatedness, constipation/diarrhea, anxiety/depression; FUNCTIONAL Disorder

31
Q

Irritable Bowl Disease (IBD)

A

reoccurant inflammatory response; Crohn’s and ulcerative Colitis

32
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

affects any area of GI tract, thickening/scaring, narrow lumen, fistula, ulcerations/absesses; remission and exacerbation; Regional Enteritis

33
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

STRUCTURAL Disorder; nonspecific inflammation in the colon, vitamin K deficiency

Acute ulcerative colitis: vascular congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and ulceration of the bowel mucosa

Chronic:muscular hypertrophy, fat deposits, and fibrous tissue, with bowel thickening, shortening, and narrowing

34
Q

Diverticulosis

A

out pouching of intestinal mucose; no S/S, not painful

35
Q

Diverticulitis

A

inflammation of Diverticuli, needs Tx; LLQ abd pain increases with cough, straining, lifting

36
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

dilated varicose veins in anal canal; internal, external or prolapsed

37
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflamamtion of appendix; peritonitis/sepsis; Pain in LRQ

38
Q

Peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum; S/S: abd distended, tachy, pallor, restless; Causes:ulcer, appendicitis, PID, gangerous bowel/gallbladder

39
Q

Diarrhea (2 types)

A

large volume: water pulled into GI tract d/t infection

small amount: more frequent, moves faster

40
Q

Diarrhea (Causes)

A

1) Increased secretion of electrolytes & water in bowel lumen
2) Increased osmotic load w/in intestine  water retention in bowel lumen
3 )Inflammation  exudation of protein & fluid from intestinal mucosa
4) Altered intestinal motility  rapid transit times

41
Q

Intussusception

A

collapses on itself

42
Q

Volvulus

A

twisting of bowel into a loop

43
Q

Incarcerated

A

bowel slides through loop and gets stuck

44
Q

Celiac Disease

A

Immune disorder triggered by eating gluten; inappropriate Tcell response; S/S: diarrhea, abd distension, malnutrition

45
Q

Corectal Cancer (Causes)

A

Hx of polyps, Ulcerative Colitis, family Hx, high animal fat diet, low fiber, obesity, alcohol, cigarette smoking, refined sugar

46
Q

Corectal Cancer (S/S)

A

GI bleeding, change in bowels, abd pain, weight loss

Patho Exam 3 (3 decks)

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