Respiratory Flashcards
What does the nasal cavity do to inhaled air?
Warms
Moistens
Filters
What is the specialised epithelium in the nasal cavity?
Olfactory epithelium
What is the initial part of the nasal cavity (vestibule) lines with?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What happens are you move deeper into the nasal cavity?
Keratin is lost- changes to pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblets cells= Respiratory epithelium
What is respiratory epithelium?
PSeudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What is the significance of the lamina propria beneath the resp epithelium>
Connective tissue- contains seromucous glands and rich venous plexus which can engorge with blood- blocked nose
What lines the oropharynx?
Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What are the walls of the larynx made up of?
Cartilage and muscles with respiratory epithelium lining it except the vocal folds
What lines the vocal folds?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What spans the tracheal cartilage
Open sided of the C of the cartilage spans fibroelastic tissue and trachealis muscle (smooth)
What lines the walls of the trachea?
Respiratory epithelium backed bu a basal lamina, lamina propria, submucosa of loose connective tissue with seromucous glands
What is the histology of the bronchi?
Irregularly shaped cartilage plates
Resp epithelium
Lamina propia contains discontinuous layer of smooth muscle and seromucous glands
What are the histological features of the bronchioles?
Lack cartilage- have a few goblet cells.
Epithelium ‘flattens’ to cuboidal
lamina propria= smooth muscle and elastic and collagenous fibres
What lines terminal bronchioles?
Cuboidal ciliated epithelium and clara cells
What are clara cells?
Non ciliated cells in terminal bronchioles
What epithelium lines the alveoli>
Discontinuous squamous type 1 alveolar cells.
What are the roles of clara cells?
Stem cells
detoxify
immune modualtion
surfactant production
How can the respiratory system be divided?
The conducting portion and respiratory portion
What are alveoli lined with?
Type I or type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes)
What are type 1 cells?
Simple squamous epithelium- 90 percent of alveolar surfaces
What is the significance of type 1 alveolar cells?
Barrier of minimal thickness to allow gas exchange
What are type to alveolar cells?
Polygonal shape
Covered in microvilli
Dense lamellar bodies in cytoplasm containing surfactant
How is surfactant released from alveoli?
Exocytosis
What are alvolar macrophages?
Free cells in either the septa or migrating over the luminal surface of alveoli
What do alveolar macrophages do?
Phagocytose inhaled particles that may have escaped entrapment in the mucous lining of the airways
