Respiratory 2

Question 1

hyperventilation (increase in alveolar ventilation)

Answer 1

oxygen increase, carbon dioxide decrease

Question 2

hypoventilation

Answer 2

O2 decrease, CO2 increase

Question 3

how does intrapleural pressure affect ventilation

Answer 3

the base takes part in ventilation because the intrapleural pressure is less negative (closer together) and can take in more air

Question 4

pulmonary arterioles are influenced by____

Answer 4

decreasing O2 levels

Question 5

bronchioles are sensitive to CO2 levels

Answer 5

• increase - dilate

- decrease - constrict

Question 6

what happens when a decrease in O2 causes constriction

Answer 6

Low O2, K+ channels close, depolarization

Question 7

increase Pco2

Answer 7

bronchioles dilate

- open up and get rid of extra CO2

Question 8

decrease Pco2

Answer 8

bronchioles dilate

- over ventilating, want to keep CO2 in

Question 9

decrease Pco2 on pulmonary arteries

Answer 9

constrict

- redirect blood somewhere else because

Question 10

factors affecting alveolar gas exchange

Answer 10

1. O2 reaching the alveoli
   - composition of air
   - alveolar ventilation
2. Gas diffusion between alveoli and blood
   - surface area
   - diffusion distance
3. Adequate perfusion of alveoli

Question 11

oxygen diffusion into blood and RBC

Answer 11

approx 2% of oxy stays in plasma, 98% goes into RBC

Question 12

amount of oxygen binding to hemoglobin depends on

Answer 12

plasma O2 concentration

Question 13

plasma O2 is determined by ___ PO2 which depends on

Answer 13

alveolar;

1. composition of air
2. alveolar ventilation rate
3. efficiency of gas exchange

Question 14

plasma O2 determines

Answer 14

% saturation of Hb

Question 15

the amount of oxygen bound to Hb depends on

Answer 15

amount of hemoglobin

Question 16

what would cause a decrease in pH affecting Hb’s affinity for O2

Answer 16

exercising, when tissues are active

Question 17

what effect does a decrease in pH have for Hb’s affinity for O2

Answer 17

curve to the right, decreases the affinity so more oxygen is dropped off

Question 18

what causes an increase of PCO2 on Hb’s affinity for O2

Answer 18

increased aerobic metabolism

Question 19

what causes an increase of PCO2 on Hb’s affinity for O2

Answer 19

increased aerobic metabolism

Question 20

increased PCO2 effect on Hb’s affinity for O2

Answer 20

more oxygen being delivered because decreased affinity for oxy

Question 21

temperature effect on Hb’s affinity for O2

Answer 21

increased heat leads to decreased affinity

Question 22

effect of 2,3-BPG on Hb”s affinity for oxygen

Answer 22

high altitude and exposed to lower PO2 and oxy drops, you will have increase in 2,3-BPG

Question 23

dorsal respiratory gorup

Answer 23

control inspiratory muscles via phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve

Question 24

pathway of sensroy info

Answer 24

drg to prg and then prg sensds input into drg or prf to alter sensory input

Question 25

pontine respiratory group (prg)

Answer 25

receives sensory info from DRG; coordinates a smooth respiratory rhythm

Question 26

ventral respiratory group

Answer 26

pre-botzinger complex - pacemaker neurons; control muscles of active inspiration and expiration

Question 27

type I glomus cells sense ____

Answer 27

changes in arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH and then synapse on sensory neuron