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BMSC 208 > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

nephron

A
  • functional unit

- 80% cortical; 20% juxtamedullary nephrons

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2
Q

juxtaglomulary apparatus

A

where distal tubule of the nephron passes between afferent and efferent arterioles

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3
Q

vasa recta

A

peritubular capillaries that dip into the medulla and back into the cortex
- aka juxtamedullary nephron in the medulla

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4
Q

glomerular filtration

A

movement of fluid and solutes from glomular capillaries into the bowman space
- at the glomerulus

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5
Q

tubular secretion

A

movement of blood into lumen of tubule that doesn’t occur at glomerulus

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6
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

movement of a substance from lumen back into blood

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7
Q

how many liters of plasma is filtered at the glomeruli each day (glomular filtration rate)

A

180 L
greater then 99% reabsorbed
1.5L excreted

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8
Q

filtration

A

movement of fluid from blood into the lumen of nephron

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9
Q

secretion

A

movement of selected molecules from the blood into the nephron

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10
Q

reabsorption

A

movement of filtered material from the lumen of the nephron to the blood

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11
Q

descending limb

A

water is being reabsorbed; osmolarity gets higher as it is going down descending limb

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12
Q

ascending limb

A

lots of solute being reabsorbed; hypoosmotic meaning more solute is absorbed than water lost

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13
Q

osmolarity

A

number of particles in a solution

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14
Q

amount of solute excreted formula

A

amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted

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15
Q

filtration fraction

A

only 20% of plasma entering bowman’s capsule is filtered; the other 80% continues into the peritubular capillaries

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16
Q

capillary endothelial cells (renal corpuscle filtration barrier)

A

fenestrated; large pores

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17
Q

basal lamina (basement membrane)

A

second layer of filtered matieral; excludes most plasma proteins

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18
Q

podocyte endfeet

A

nephrin and podocin in filtration slit. if these are abnormal than protein will be in urine

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19
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

blood flowing through the glomerular capillaries forces fluid through the leaky endothelium

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20
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

pressure due to plasma proteins that can’t cross the capillary endothelium (pressure into glomerulus)

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21
Q

bowman’s capusle hydrostatic pressure (Pfluid)

A

pressure of fluid from lumen on capillary - opposes filtration

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22
Q

net filtration pressure formula

A

hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure - bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

glomerular filtration rate

A

volume of fluid that filters from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman’s capsule per unit time

24
Q

factors that determine GFR

A
  • filtration pressure - renal flow and blood pressure

- filtration coefficient - slit surface area and filtration barrier permeability

25
Q

myogenic autoregulation (maintain GFR)

A

ability of smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes

- depolarization happens when stretch is sensed, Ca2+ channels open and Ca2+ enters and you get contraction

26
Q

tubuloglomerular feedback (maintain GFR)

A

local control pathway in which fluid flow through the tubule portion of the nephron influences GFR
- maca densa cells secrete paracrine signal for afferent arterioles to constrict

27
Q

macula densa cells

A

monitor fluid flow through the tubule and can release paracrine signals that affect afferent/efferent arteriole diameter

28
Q

granular cells

A

secrete renin which is involved in salt and water balance

29
Q

sympathetic neurons influence on GFR

A

filtration coefficient - symp neurons release norepinephrin that act in alpha1 adrenergic receptors leading to vasoconstriction in both afferent/efferent arterioles

30
Q

hormones that modulate arteriole resistance

A
  • angiotensin II - vasoconstrictor
  • prostaglandins - vasodilators
  • these hormones act on podocytes and change the size of slits for filtration
31
Q

where does most reabsorption take place

A

proximal tubule; smaller amounts in distal segments of nephron

32
Q

types of transport of reabsorption

A
  • transepithelial (transcellular) - substances cross the apical and basolateral membrane of tubule cells go into ECF
  • paracellular - substances pass through cell to cell junctions between two adjacent tubule cells
33
Q

active transport of Na+

A

lumen is more -ve than ECF.

anions will follow Na+ out of the lumen which will increase the [] of ECF and water will follow out into capillary?

34
Q

saturation

A

max rate of transport that occues when all available carries are occupied by substrate

35
Q

passive reabsorption

A
36
Q

reabsorption rate of glucose

A

reabsorption of glucose is proportional to plasma [] until Tmax is reached

37
Q

transport maximum

A

substrate [] equal to or above saturation point

38
Q

renal threshold

A

plasma [] where saturation occurs and glucose shows up in urine

39
Q

excretion rate of glucose

A

when plasma glucose is low enough 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed.
- once carriers reach saturation, glucose excretion begins

40
Q

secretion

A

transfer of molecules from the extracellular fluid into lumen of the nephron

41
Q

what kind of transport is secretion

A

active; movement against [] gradient (low to high)

42
Q

amount excreted

A

amount filtered-amount reabsorbed +amount secreted

43
Q

glucose excreted

A

glucose filtered - glucose reabsorbed

44
Q

how does the reabsorbed fluid get into the capillary

A

the hydrostatic pressure that exists along the peritubular capillary is less than the colloid osmotic pressure, so the net pressure gradient favours reabsorption

45
Q

secretion is the act of moving substances ___ concentration gradient

A

against

46
Q

OAT transporter

A

transports a wide range of anions by using energy from dicarboxylates down [] gradient to use against [] gradient

47
Q

direct active transport

A

Na/K ATPase keeps intracellular Na [] low

48
Q

secondary indirect active transport

A

NaDC concentrates a dicarboxylate inside the cell using energy stores in [Na] gradient

49
Q

tertiary indirect active transport

A

OAT transporters concentrate OA- inside the cell

50
Q

excretion

A

filtration - reabsorption + secretion

51
Q

excretion rates depends on ___ and ___

A

filtration rate and whether the substance is being reabsorbed and/or secreted

52
Q

clearance of a solute

A

rate at which a solute dissappears from the body by excretion or metabolism
- measures GFR

53
Q

clearance of a solute

A

rate at which a solute dissappears from the body by excretion or metabolism
- measures GFR

extreton rate of X/[X] plasma

BMSC 208 (5 decks)

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