Respiratory

Question 1

SABAs (short acting beta2 agonists)
Causes side effects related to the sympathetic nervous system. What are those side effects?

Answer 1

Tachycardia
Hypertension
Palpitations
Anxiety
Insomnia
Tremors
Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 2

SABAs are bronchodilators, therapeutic uses are as ASTHMA rescue inhalers. What is the most common generic name?

Answer 2

Albuterol

Question 3

SABAs are bronchodilators, therapeutic uses are as ASTHMA rescue inhalers. What are administration education for inhalers?

Answer 3

Shake well.
Apply spacer.
Inhale and exhale before holding spacer to mouth.
Puff and breath in deeply.
HOLD a for 10 seconds.
30 secs-1 min in between puffs, NO more than 3 doses of 2-4 puffs every 20 mins
WASH out mouth.

Question 4

LABAs are similar to SABAs. What is the main difference?

Answer 4

Time.

They are slower acting and are used in long term treatment of COPD, chronic bronchitis and prevention of bronchospasm.

Question 5

When administering a BRONCHODILATOR and a CORTICOSTEROID you should administer which medication 1st ??

Answer 5

Bronchodilator 1st to open airways

Wait 5 mins

Administer corticosteroid for inflammation

Question 6

Antitussive opioid are a cough suppressant. Should productive coughs be suppressed?

Answer 6

No, productive coughs are good.

Dry coughs may use cough suppressants.

Question 7

Antitussive opioids (codeine) cause what kind of side effects?

Hint: similar to opioids

Answer 7

Sedation/dizziness
N&V
CNS depression
Respiratory depression
Constipation
Possible dependency

Question 8

Antitussive opioids patient teaching includes:

Answer 8

Fluids and fiber for constipation

Orthostatic hypertension

Avoid alcohol

Question 9

Respiratory corticosteroids treat what conditions?

Answer 9

Chronic asthma, nasal polyps and rhinitis

Question 10

Respiratory corticosteroids cause side effects of:

Hint: 8 S’s

Answer 10

Sugar
Soft bones
Sickness…decreased immunity
Sad…depression
Sight…risk for cataracts
Swollen…water gain
Sex…decreased libido
Salt…water and salt retention (hypertension)

Question 11

Respiratory corticosteroids patient education should include:

Answer 11

Report signs of infection

Increase calcium in diet

Yearly optometrist appointments

Stress causes a decrease in cortisol, dosage may need to increase in times of stress.

Question 12

Mucolytics treat what types of conditions?

Answer 12

Cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, and bronchitis

Question 13

What is the antidote for acetaminophen/Tylenol overdose?

Answer 13

Acetylcysteine

Question 14

Mucolytics should be avoided in clients with asthma. What is the reason?

Answer 14

Does NOT have an effect on airway smooth muscle. Can worsen or cause bronchospasm.

Question 15

Mucolytics typically are given in hospitals. What is some patient education for at home use?

Answer 15

May smell like rotten eggs, odor is normal and will disappear quickly

Do not exceed recommended dose

Avoid irritants: smoke and dust

Drink lots of fluids

Question 16

Expectorants (guaifenesin) are used to treat what conditions?

Answer 16

Asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, tracheostomy care

Relief of cough especially when it’s dry and non-productive

Question 17

What are antitussive opioids used for?

Answer 17

Suppresses nonproductive cough and decreases cough reflex

Question 18

Antihistamines (Benadryl) are OTC medication‘s that have anticholinergic side effects. What are some examples of the side effects?

Answer 18

Sedation, vision issues, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation

Second generation have fewer cetacean effects

Question 19

Anti-histamines AKA histamine antagonist, have what therapeutic uses?

Answer 19

Treats common cold, motion sickness, rhinitis, urticaria, nausea and vomiting

Question 20

Bronchodilators widen airways to help with what conditions?

Answer 20

Relieves and prevents bronchial asthma

Relieves bronchospasms and chronic bronchitis and emphysema 

Question 21

The therapeutic range for bronchodilators is 10 to 20 mcg/mL. What are signs of toxicity?

Answer 21

Anorexia, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, restlessness, deadly seizures, and life-threatening arrhythmias.


Question 22

To avoid toxicity of bronchodilators you should do what?

Answer 22

Obtain theophylline levels 30 minutes after administration

Continue to monitor serum theophylline levels and adjust the dose as needed. 

Question 23

What patient education should be included with bronchodilators?

Answer 23

Avoid caffeinated products because they worsen the side effects of medication.

Question 24

Leukotriene inhibitors prevent the release of Leukotrienes and treat what types of conditions?

Answer 24

Chronic asthma

seasonal allergic rhinitis

Question 25

Leukotriene inhibitors (singular) have two common side effects? What are they?

Answer 25

Headache and flu like symptoms

Question 26

Leukotriene inhibitors education?

Answer 26

Long-term management, not a rescue drug

May take one to two weeks to reach therapeutic levels 

Question 27

Anticholinergics treat what types of conditions?

Answer 27

Treat COPD, Rhinitis, allergy induced asthma, and exercise induced bronchospasm

Question 28

A patient with a peanut allergy should not take what anticholinergic medication?

Answer 28

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

It contains soy lectin, which is the same plant family as peanuts 

Question 29

Triotropium is an anticholinergic capsule. What is special about this type of capsule?

Answer 29

Do not swallow triotropium (Spiriva) capsules they go in special inhalers.

Question 30

Typical side effects of anticholinergics are blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention and constipation. What patient education should you include to combat the side effects? 

Answer 30

Consume fiber for constipation

Suck on sugar-free candy to help with dry mouth

Question 31

Expectorants like Mucinex facilitate mobilization of mucus. What are some side effects?

Answer 31

Nausea and vomiting, headache, drowsiness, rash

Question 32

What is one simple way to thin secretions ?

Answer 32

Drink water