Respiratory Flashcards by Dashaye Duncan

What are the prototype for anti-histamine

Diphenhydramine(benadryl) and Cetirizine(Zyrtec)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are antihistamines used?

For Allergy or cold symptom relief

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is anti-histamine MOA?

Blocks histamine receptors, inhibits smooth muscle constriction in blood vessels and respiratory and GI tracts, decreases capillary permeability, salivation and tear formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who are antihistamines not safe for?

Not safe for children under 2 yo unless prescribed by a provider

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should you teach the patient about anti-histamines?

Can cause drowsiness (ETOH and other CNS depressants)
Anticholinergic effects
Can cause stimulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should you avoid when taking antihistamines?

Avoid trigger allergens
Avoid ETOH or depressants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Does antihistamines decrease symptoms of allergies and common colds?

Yes, Decreased symptoms of allergies
* Itchy watery eyes
* Runny nose
* Sneezing
* Nasal congestion
Decreased symptoms of common cold (URI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are two important adverse effects?

Diphenhydramine and Diphenhydramine and Cetirizine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a a decongestant used for?

Nasal congestion due to inflammation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the prototype for Decongestants

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sudafed MOA?

Produces vasoconstriction through activating alpha 1 adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels and cause vasoconstriction and enhances the release of norepinephrine to produce vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who should not take Sudafed?

Do not use in children less than 4 yo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should you teach a patient on Sudafed?

Follow dosing
* Can have rebound congestion
* High risk for abuse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What substance can you make from Sudafed?

Meth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what should you consider while on sudafed?

Do not use for >7 days
Cardiovascular disease
Encourage po fluids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Sudafed help to do?

Relieves nasal congestion
Relieves sinus congestion and pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the side effects of Sudafed?

CV stimulation
Rebound congestion (nasal route)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do antitussives treat?

Treats cough

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the prototype for antitussives?

Destromethorphan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the MOA for dextromethorphan?

Depresses cough center in medulla oblongata or cough receptors in throat, trachea or lungs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False
Children less than 4 can take dextromethorphan?

False
Do not use in children less than 4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should you teach a patient on dextromethorphan?

Avoid things that stimulate cough
Can cause drowsiness
Do not take with other CNS depressants or ETOH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the caution in when taking dextromethorphan?

Respiratory conditions and MAOIs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The adverse effect when taking dextromethorphan?

CNS sedation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who should use an expectorant? A person with a productive cough or sneeze?

A person with a productive

What is the prototype for expectorant?

Guaifenesin

what is the MOA for Guaifenesin?

Reduce viscosity of secretions by irritating the gastric vagal nerve receptors and stimulating respiratory tract fluid. Decrease thickness but increase in volume.

Is Guaifenesin safe for all ages? Who is it not recommended for?

Yes! Pregnant and breast feeding patients

What should you teach the pt. about Guaifenesin?

Avoid irritants that stimulate cough Drowsiness Avoid CNS depressants and ETOH

When administering Guaifensin it is important that the patient?

Do not eat within 30 minutes of taking syrup Have pt cough and deep breathe

What are some adverse effects for Guaifenesin?

NVD Drowsiness

What is a of a beta 2 agonist for?

Shortness of breath * Airway inflammation

What is the prototypes for beta 2 agonist?

Saba- albuterol Laba-Salmeterol

what is the MOA for beta 2 agonist?

Stimulate B-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles causing dilation of the bronchus. Can stimulate B-1 receptors causing tachycardia.

what is an important consideration about Beta 2 agonists?

Rapid onset (short acting) Slower onset (long acting) and will not relieve bronchospasm

What should you do if you take a B2 agonist and it dosent work?

Call 911

what should you teach a patient on B2 agonist?

Take as directed If no relief call 911 Prime inhaler before use Rinse mouth after use

what is Saba and Laba?

SABA rapid onset- treat bronchospasm LABA slow onset- prevent bronchospasm

SABA adverse effects?

CNS and CV stimulation

LABA adverse effects?

Tachycardia Dysrhythmias Hyperglycemia Hypokalemia Paradoxical bronchoconstriction Increased release for asthma related death

what is an anticholinergic used for?

Maintenance of asthma and COPD to prevent bronchoconstriction

What is the prototypes for anticholinergics?

Ipratropium (short acting) &Tiotropium (long acting)

What is the MOA for anticholinergics?

Block acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle which reduces broncho-constrictive substance release

Who should not be given anticholinergics?

Not given with specific arrhythmias Not given in pts with hypotension

What should a patient know while on anticholinergics?

Do not exceed dosage Not a fast-acting medication

What is the therapeutic effect of an anticholinergic?

SA: rapid bronchodilation LA: prevention of bronchospasm & reduces COPD exacerbation

What are the adverse effects of ipratropium and tiotropium?

cough and dry mucous membrane

Corticosteroids come in different routes, what are their routes and purposes of it?

Inhaler: to prevent asthma attacks * PO: control reactions that do not respond to other treatments * IV: rapid control

what are the prototypes for corticosteroids?

Fluticasone(Inhaled), Prednisone (PO), Methylprednisolone(IV)

What is the MOA for a corticosteroid?

Inhaled: local anti-inflammatory and immune modifier * PO: prevents the body from responding to inflammation. Suppresses the immune system * IV: same as PO

what routes are safe for all ages? What age is safe for inhaled?

PO and IV: safe for all ages Inhaled: > 4 yo

What should the pt. on corticosteroids know?

Not for acute asthma Immunosuppression Diabetic patients Other side effects vary according to medication

what should be done when each route of corticosteroids is taken?

*Inhaled: Rinse mouth after use * PO: Take with food * IV: Be aware of side effects

what are some adverse side effects?

Inhaled: hoarseness, dry mouth, sore throat and oropharyngeal candidiasis PO & IV: CV: fluid retention, edema, hypertension. Electrolytes: increase

Leukotrine receptor antagonist Prototype?

Montelukast

What is montelukast used?

Asthma control, exercise induced asthma and allergic rhinitis

Montelukast MOA?

Blocks leukotriene receptors and reduces inflammation

Montelukast Route?

what age is montelukast safe for children?

Safe for children >12 months

What form of PO med doe montelukast come in?

Granules, chewable, and tablets

How long prior to exercising should montelukast be taken?

Two Hours

How long does Montelukast take to reach effectiveness?

3-7days

What are the adverse effects for montelukast?

Headache Cough Nasal congestion Hepatoxicity May cause mood swings

Can you gain weight with steroids?

Yes!

what is theophylline?

A Xanthine Derivatives

What is theophylline used for

Long term treatment of asthma and COPD unresponsive to other treatment

True or False Theophylline is the drug of choice for asthma?

False, it use to be

What is the MOA for Theophylline?

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and suppresses airway response to triggers

What are the routes for Xanthine derivatives

Po,IV

What should the patient be taught when taking theophylline?

Avoid caffeine or stimulating medications Frequent blood levels

what should a person taking theophylline consider?

Other simulants

What are the adverse effects of theophylline?

CNS stimulation N/V Insomnia nervousness Theophylline has a very narrow therapeutic window, and its interaction with various other drugs has led to the limitation of its use