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Pharm- Exam 3 Dashaye > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the prototype for anti-histamine

A

Diphenhydramine(benadryl) and Cetirizine(Zyrtec)

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2
Q

Why are antihistamines used?

A

For Allergy or cold symptom relief

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3
Q

What is anti-histamine MOA?

A

Blocks histamine receptors, inhibits smooth muscle constriction in blood vessels and respiratory and GI tracts, decreases capillary permeability, salivation and tear formation

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4
Q

Who are antihistamines not safe for?

A

Not safe for children under 2 yo unless prescribed by a provider

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5
Q

What should you teach the patient about anti-histamines?

A

Can cause drowsiness (ETOH and other CNS depressants)
Anticholinergic effects
Can cause stimulation

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6
Q

What should you avoid when taking antihistamines?

A

Avoid trigger allergens
Avoid ETOH or depressants

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7
Q

Does antihistamines decrease symptoms of allergies and common colds?

A

Yes, Decreased symptoms of allergies
* Itchy watery eyes
* Runny nose
* Sneezing
* Nasal congestion
Decreased symptoms of common cold (URI

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8
Q

What are two important adverse effects?

A

Diphenhydramine and Diphenhydramine and Cetirizine

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9
Q

What is a a decongestant used for?

A

Nasal congestion due to inflammation

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10
Q

What is the prototype for Decongestants

A

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

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11
Q

Sudafed MOA?

A

Produces vasoconstriction through activating alpha 1 adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels and cause vasoconstriction and enhances the release of norepinephrine to produce vasoconstriction

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12
Q

Who should not take Sudafed?

A

Do not use in children less than 4 yo

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13
Q

What should you teach a patient on Sudafed?

A

Follow dosing
* Can have rebound congestion
* High risk for abuse

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14
Q

What substance can you make from Sudafed?

A

Meth

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15
Q

what should you consider while on sudafed?

A

Do not use for >7 days
Cardiovascular disease
Encourage po fluids

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16
Q

What does Sudafed help to do?

A

Relieves nasal congestion
Relieves sinus congestion and pressure

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17
Q

What are the side effects of Sudafed?

A

CV stimulation
Rebound congestion (nasal route)

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18
Q

what do antitussives treat?

A

Treats cough

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19
Q

What is the prototype for antitussives?

A

Destromethorphan

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20
Q

What is the MOA for dextromethorphan?

A

Depresses cough center in medulla oblongata or cough receptors in throat, trachea or lungs

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21
Q

True or False
Children less than 4 can take dextromethorphan?

A

False
Do not use in children less than 4

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22
Q

What should you teach a patient on dextromethorphan?

A

Avoid things that stimulate cough
Can cause drowsiness
Do not take with other CNS depressants or ETOH

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23
Q

What is the caution in when taking dextromethorphan?

A

Respiratory conditions and MAOIs

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24
Q

The adverse effect when taking dextromethorphan?

A

CNS sedation

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25
Q

Who should use an expectorant?
A person with a productive cough or sneeze?

A

A person with a productive

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26
Q

What is the prototype for expectorant?

A

Guaifenesin

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27
Q

what is the MOA for Guaifenesin?

A

Reduce viscosity of secretions by irritating the gastric vagal nerve receptors and stimulating respiratory tract fluid. Decrease thickness but increase in volume.

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28
Q

Is Guaifenesin safe for all ages?
Who is it not recommended for?

A

Yes!
Pregnant and breast feeding patients

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29
Q

What should you teach the pt. about Guaifenesin?

A

Avoid irritants that stimulate cough
Drowsiness
Avoid CNS depressants and ETOH

30
Q

When administering Guaifensin it is important that the patient?

A

Do not eat within 30 minutes of taking syrup
Have pt cough and deep breathe

31
Q

What are some adverse effects for Guaifenesin?

A

NVD
Drowsiness

32
Q

What is a of a beta 2 agonist for?

A

Shortness of breath
* Airway inflammation

33
Q

What is the prototypes for beta 2 agonist?

A

Saba- albuterol
Laba-Salmeterol

34
Q

what is the MOA for beta 2 agonist?

A

Stimulate B-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles causing dilation of the bronchus. Can stimulate B-1 receptors causing tachycardia.

35
Q

what is an important consideration about Beta 2 agonists?

A

Rapid onset (short acting)
Slower onset (long acting) and will not relieve bronchospasm

36
Q

What should you do if you take a B2 agonist and it dosent work?

A

Call 911

37
Q

what should you teach a patient on B2 agonist?

A

Take as directed
If no relief call 911
Prime inhaler before use
Rinse mouth after use

38
Q

what is Saba and Laba?

A

SABA rapid onset- treat bronchospasm
LABA slow onset- prevent bronchospasm

39
Q

SABA adverse effects?

A

CNS and CV stimulation

40
Q

LABA adverse effects?

A

Tachycardia
Dysrhythmias
Hyperglycemia
Hypokalemia
Paradoxical bronchoconstriction
Increased release for asthma related death

41
Q

what is an anticholinergic used for?

A

Maintenance of asthma and COPD to prevent bronchoconstriction

42
Q

What is the prototypes for anticholinergics?

A

Ipratropium (short acting) &Tiotropium (long acting)

43
Q

What is the MOA for anticholinergics?

A

Block acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle which reduces broncho-constrictive substance release

44
Q

Who should not be given anticholinergics?

A

Not given with specific arrhythmias
Not given in pts with hypotension

45
Q

What should a patient know while on anticholinergics?

A

Do not exceed dosage
Not a fast-acting medication

46
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of an anticholinergic?

A

SA: rapid bronchodilation
LA: prevention of bronchospasm & reduces COPD exacerbation

47
Q

What are the adverse effects of ipratropium and tiotropium?

A

cough and dry mucous membrane

48
Q

Corticosteroids come in different routes, what are their routes and purposes of it?

A

Inhaler: to prevent asthma attacks
* PO: control reactions that do not respond to other treatments
* IV: rapid control

49
Q

what are the prototypes for corticosteroids?

A

Fluticasone(Inhaled),
Prednisone (PO),
Methylprednisolone(IV)

50
Q

What is the MOA for a corticosteroid?

A

Inhaled: local anti-inflammatory and immune modifier
* PO: prevents the body from responding to inflammation. Suppresses the immune system
* IV: same as PO

51
Q

what routes are safe for all ages?
What age is safe for inhaled?

A

PO and IV: safe for all ages
Inhaled: > 4 yo

52
Q

What should the pt. on corticosteroids know?

A

Not for acute asthma
Immunosuppression
Diabetic patients
Other side effects vary according to medication

53
Q

what should be done when each route of corticosteroids is taken?

A

*Inhaled: Rinse mouth after use
* PO: Take with food
* IV: Be aware of side effects

54
Q

what are some adverse side effects?

A

Inhaled: hoarseness, dry mouth, sore throat and oropharyngeal candidiasis
PO & IV: CV: fluid retention, edema, hypertension. Electrolytes: increase

55
Q

Leukotrine receptor antagonist Prototype?

A

Montelukast

56
Q

What is montelukast used?

A

Asthma control, exercise induced asthma and allergic rhinitis

57
Q

Montelukast MOA?

A

Blocks leukotriene receptors and reduces inflammation

58
Q

Montelukast Route?

A

Po

59
Q

what age is montelukast safe for children?

A

Safe for children >12 months

60
Q

What form of PO med doe montelukast come in?

A

Granules, chewable, and tablets

61
Q

How long prior to exercising should montelukast be taken?

A

Two Hours

62
Q

How long does Montelukast take to reach effectiveness?

A

3-7days

63
Q

What are the adverse effects for montelukast?

A

Headache
Cough
Nasal congestion
Hepatoxicity
May cause mood swings

64
Q

Can you gain weight with steroids?

A

Yes!

65
Q

what is theophylline?

A

A Xanthine Derivatives

66
Q

What is theophylline used for

A

Long term treatment of asthma and COPD unresponsive to other treatment

67
Q

True or False
Theophylline is the drug of choice for asthma?

A

False, it use to be

68
Q

What is the MOA for Theophylline?

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and suppresses airway response to triggers

69
Q

What are the routes for Xanthine derivatives

A

Po,IV

70
Q

What should the patient be taught when taking theophylline?

A

Avoid caffeine or stimulating medications
Frequent blood levels

71
Q

what should a person taking theophylline consider?

A

Other simulants

72
Q

What are the adverse effects of theophylline?

A

CNS stimulation
N/V
Insomnia
nervousness
Theophylline has a very narrow therapeutic window, and its interaction with various other drugs has led to the limitation of its use

Pharm- Exam 3 Dashaye (4 decks)

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