Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm- Exam 3 Dashaye > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the prototype for barbiturates?

A

Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the purpose for phenobarbital

A

Sedatives
Stop seizure activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the routes for Phenobarbital?

A

Po.IM,IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the moa for phenobarbital?

A

Stimulate the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who should be considered when giving phenobarbital?

A

Do not use < 1month of age
Harmful to fetus during pregnancy
Avoid use in geriatric population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should the pt. be taught who is on barbiturates?

A

Do not discontinue abruptly
CNS depressants can enhance depression
OCP- estrogen-containing may be ineffective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the adverse effects of phenobarbital?

A

Addiction
Suicidal thoughts
GI upset
Rashes
OD
Respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are benzodiazepines used for?

A

*Anxiety
* Sedative
* Stop seizure activity
* Insomnia
* Pre-anesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the prototype for benzodiazepines?

A

Lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is moa for lorazepam?

A

Bind to specific neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to potentiate GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the routes for lorazepam?

A

PO,IM,IV,PR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What reaction can occur in children and the elderly if lorazepam is taken? what impairment occurs with the medication?

A

Paradoxical reactions in children and elderly
Hepatic impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should you teach a pt on lorazepam?

A

Coordination may be impaired
Assistance to get OOB
No alcohol for 24-48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the black box warning for benzodiazepines?

A

Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the adverse effects of Lorazepam?

A

IV- resp depression
* PO- sedation, drowsiness, resp depression (dose-dependent, hypotension, and unsteadiness
* Addiction
* OD- CNS depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a CNS stimulant used for?

A

ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the prototype for cns stimulants?

A

Methylphenidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the MOA for a cns stimulant

A

Stimulates brain. Thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How old should you be when taking methylphenidate?

A

Over 6 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is contraindicated with methylphenidate?

A

MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What should the pt be taught who is on cnc stimulants

A

CV risks
Increase in BP and heart rate
Psychotic or manic symptoms
Avoid alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a CNS help to do?

A

Improve focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some adverse effects of methylphenidate?

A

Growth suppression
insomnia
headache
abdominal pain
Raynaud’s
priapism
gynecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is another name for the prototype phenytoin?

A

Dilantin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Dilantin used for?
Seizures * Tonic clonic * Psychomotor (temporal lobe) * After neuro surgery
26
what is the route for Dilantin?
PO
27
What is the MOA for phenytoin
Interferes with sodium channels in the brain causing a reduction of sustained high-frequency neuronal discharges
28
what should be considered with this medication?
Fetus Harm narrow therapeutic drug level hepatic and renal impairment elderly pt. with heart block
29
what is some pt education for Dilantin?
May take weeks for desired effect* Do not stop abruptly* Avoid other CNS depressants* Monitor glucose in diabetics
30
what should you monitor when on Dilantin?
Cardiac
31
Adverse effects of Dilantin?
High levels can cause confusion, delirium, psychosis orencephalopathy* Dermatological reactions (severe
32
What is the black box warning on Dilantin?
When giving IV do not exceed 50mg/min in adults and 1-3 mg/kg/min in peds. May cause severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia.
33
What is levetiracetam used for ?
Seizures * Partial seizures Decrease seizure activity
34
what is the MOA for levetiracetam?
UNKONWN
35
What are some considerations for levetiracetam?
12 years of age or older* Monitor plasma levels in pregnancy* Immediate release solution can be used after 1month of age* Renal impairment
36
What should the pt be taught while on levetiracetam?
Monitor for suicidality* Do not stop abruptly
37
What are some adverse effects for levetiracetam?
* Behavioral abnormalities: psychotic symptoms, suicidal ideation, irritability, aggressive behavior* Somnolence* Irritability* Anaphylaxis* Steven-Johnson Syndrome
38
What is gabapentin used for?
Seizures * Partial seizures Neuropathic pain
39
Gabapentin MOA?
Unknown
40
What is gabapentin Route?
PO
41
what pt. should you consider when giving gabapentin?
Elderly Fetus during pregnacy (harmful) Pts. 3-12 can have cns adverse effects
42
What should pt. know who is taking gabapentin?
Do not take antacids within 2 hours* Sedation* Suicidality* Do not stop abruptly
43
What are some adverse effects when taking gabapentin?
*Behavioral abnormalities: psychotic symptoms, suicidal ideation, irritability, aggressive behavior * Somnolence * Irritability
44
Carbidopa/Levodopa is apart of what classification?
Antiparkinson
45
What is levodopa and carbidopa used for?
Parkinson’s Disease* Restless leg syndrome
46
What is the purpose of carbidopa/levodopa?
Carbidopa prevents levodopa from being broken downbefore crossing the BBB and then it can covert todopamine in brain.
47
What are some things to consider when giving carbidopa/levodopa?
for pt 18 and over contraindicated with MAOIs can fall asleep during task high protein diet lowers absorption
48
what should the pt know about carbidopa and levodopa?
Do not take antacids within 2 hours* Sedation* Suicidality* Do not stop abruptly
49
True or false Carbidopa and levodopa make the progression of symptoms faster.
False Slow progression of symptoms
50
What are some adverse effects of carbidopa and levodopa?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)* Hallucinations* Psychotic behavior* Intense gambling & sexual urges and to spend money, binge eat
51
A person taking carbidopa and levodopa is at risk for what?
Melanoma
52
the prototype selegiline is for what indication?
Parkinson's disease
53
what is the route for selegiline?
PO
54
what is selegiline MOA?
Blocks the breakdown of dopamine by inhibiting MAO-B
55
What can large doses of selegiline do?
Large doses may inhibit MAO-A (metabolism of tyramine in the GItract)
56
what should a patient on selegiline be taught?
Dietary Restrictions
57
What are some side effects of selegiline?
Dose dependent* Large doses may cause a hypertensive crisis if consuming food with tyramine* Drowsiness* Orthostatic changes* Hallucinations* Sudden urge
58
What are the indications of Amantadine?
*Parkinson’s Disease* Medication induced extrapyramidal symptoms* Influenza A
59
What is the route for amantadine?
PO
60
what is the MOA for amantadine?
Unknown but it is an antiviral drug that acts on dopamine receptors
61
What is important to consider for amantadine?
renal impairment and suicidal ideations
62
When taking amantadine what should the pt be educated on?
*Do not use with CNS depressants* Do not take OTC cold medications* Worsening depression
63
What are some adverse effects of amantadine?
Parkinson crisis heart failure peripheral edema impaired thinking
64
What is the prototype for cholinesterase inhibitors?
Donepezil(aricept)
65
What are the indications for donepezil?
Mild to moderate and severe dementia
66
What is the route for Aricept?
PO
67
What is the MOA for Donepezil?
Prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and increases the availability of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses
68
Who benefits from Donepezil?
*1 in 12 patients benefit * Benefits are modest and only last a short time
69
Patient education for donepezil?
NVD Dizziness and headache
70
What is important about administration of donepezil?
Drug Interactions * Anticholinergics * 1st generation antihistamines * Tricyclic antidepressants
71
What does donepezil help with?
improvement in cognitive function
72
Adverse effects of Donepezil?
Bronchoconstriction Bradycardia

Pharm- Exam 3 Dashaye (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions